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Devel Render

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            "value" => "<p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerisblack;font-size:26px;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:8px;text-align:left;"><strong>D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly &ndash; &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;ly</strong></span><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A k&eacute;rd&eacute;s sokr&eacute;t&#369;, hiszen demogr&aacute;fiai, gazdas&aacute;gi, kultur&aacute;lis, &eacute;rzelmi &eacute;s mentalit&aacute;sbeli dimenzi&oacute;i is vannak. Az ut&oacute;bbin&aacute;l maradva: eddig m&eacute;g nem sz&uuml;letett &ouml;sszehasonl&iacute;t&oacute; szociol&oacute;giai tanulm&aacute;ny arr&oacute;l, hogy milyen &bdquo;sz&eacute;tfejl&#337;d&eacute;st&rdquo; id&eacute;zett el&#337; a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s &eacute;s az azt k&ouml;vet&#337; n&eacute;gy &eacute;v az erd&eacute;lyi magyar t&aacute;rsadalom <em>kollekt&iacute;v mentalit&aacute;s&aacute;</em>ban.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi &eacute;s &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok (felt&eacute;telezett) mentalit&aacute;sbeli k&uuml;l&ouml;nbs&eacute;gei &eacute;ppen az 1940&minus;1944 k&ouml;z&ouml;tti, egym&aacute;st&oacute;l teljesen elt&eacute;r&#337; szocializ&aacute;ci&oacute;ban &eacute;s t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelmi tapasztalatban, &ndash; B&aacute;rdi N&aacute;ndor tal&aacute;l&oacute; kifejez&eacute;s&eacute;t id&eacute;zve &ndash; &bdquo;sors&eacute;lm&eacute;nyben&rdquo; gy&ouml;kereznek. Nem v&eacute;letlen, hogy a nemzeti &ouml;ntudat&aacute;ban meger&#337;s&ouml;d&ouml;tt &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g nagyobb &ouml;nbizalommal &eacute;s optimizmussal tekintett a j&ouml;v&#337;be a rom&aacute;n uralom visszat&eacute;rte ut&aacute;n is, mint az &oacute;vatosabb magatart&aacute;st tan&uacute;s&iacute;t&oacute; d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyar t&aacute;rsadalom, amely a n&eacute;gy&eacute;ves elnyomat&aacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337;en az &aacute;ltal&aacute;nos rem&eacute;nyvesztetts&eacute;g &aacute;llapot&aacute;ban volt. E k&uuml;l&ouml;nbs&eacute;get p&eacute;ld&aacute;zza az al&aacute;bbi eset is, amit Cs&#337;g&ouml;r Lajos, a kolozsv&aacute;ri Bolyai Egyetem els&#337; rektora &iacute;rt le. Eszerint M&aacute;rton &Aacute;ron gyulafeh&eacute;rv&aacute;ri r&oacute;mai-katolikus p&uuml;sp&ouml;k, aki a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; id&#337;szakot D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben v&eacute;szelte &aacute;t, 1945&minus;1946 fordul&oacute;j&aacute;n a k&ouml;vetkez&#337;ket mondta Cs&#337;g&ouml;rnek, aki nem &eacute;rtette, mi&eacute;rt agg&oacute;dik a p&uuml;sp&ouml;k a magyar iskol&aacute;k j&ouml;v&#337;je miatt &eacute;ppen akkor, amikor viszonylag kedvez&#337; a politikai helyzet. <em>&bdquo;Cs&#337;g&ouml;r k&eacute;rem, maga t&eacute;nyleg azt hiszi, hogy az &ouml;n&aacute;ll&oacute; magyar egyetem sok&aacute;ig megmarad? Magukat megsz&eacute;d&iacute;tette az a n&eacute;gy &eacute;v, amit &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;lyben &eacute;ltek, &eacute;s ez&eacute;rt nem l&aacute;tnak el&eacute;g tiszt&aacute;n. Hogy mit v&aacute;rhatunk a j&ouml;v&#337;t&#337;l, azt csak mi tudjuk, akik D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben &eacute;lt&uuml;nk.&rdquo;</em></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az id&#337; a hat&aacute;r mindk&eacute;t oldal&aacute;n mintha &bdquo;&ouml;sszes&#369;r&#369;s&ouml;d&ouml;tt&rdquo; volna &minus; csak &eacute;ppen ellenkez&#337; el&#337;jellel. &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;lyben a magyarok felfel&eacute; &iacute;vel&#337; korszakk&eacute;nt &eacute;lt&eacute;k meg a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; n&eacute;gy &eacute;vet, amelyhez k&eacute;pest &minus; paradox m&oacute;don &minus; az ezt megel&#337;z&#337; 22 &eacute;vnyi, teh&aacute;t val&oacute;j&aacute;ban j&oacute;val hosszabb ideig tart&oacute; rom&aacute;n uralom proviz&oacute;riumnak t&#369;nt sz&aacute;mukra. D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben viszont nem csak a &bdquo;felszabadul&aacute;s&rdquo; katartikus &eacute;lm&eacute;nye maradt el. A k&uuml;l&ouml;nleges jogokat &eacute;lvez&#337; n&eacute;met kisebbs&eacute;ggel szembeni le&eacute;rt&eacute;kel&#337;d&eacute;s&uuml;k, a hatalomnak val&oacute; egyre fokozottabb kiszolg&aacute;ltatotts&aacute;guk, a nemzetis&eacute;g&uuml;k miatt elszenvedett megal&aacute;ztat&aacute;saik, az otthontalans&aacute;g k&iacute;nz&oacute; &eacute;rz&eacute;se traumatiz&aacute;lt&aacute;k a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok kollekt&iacute;v tudat&aacute;t, &eacute;s egyfajta identit&aacute;sk&eacute;pz&#337; t&eacute;nyez&#337;v&eacute; l&eacute;ptek el&#337;.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;"><strong>A m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s fogadtat&aacute;sa</strong></span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g t&ouml;megein m&eacute;lys&eacute;ges csal&oacute;d&aacute;s &eacute;s elkeseredetts&eacute;g vett er&#337;t a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s nyom&aacute;n annak h&iacute;r&eacute;re, hogy tov&aacute;bbra is Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;hoz tartoznak. A legt&ouml;bben a trianoni katasztr&oacute;f&aacute;hoz hasonl&oacute; sorscsap&aacute;sk&eacute;nt &eacute;lt&eacute;k meg az &uacute;jabb kisebbs&eacute;gi l&eacute;tforma bek&ouml;sz&ouml;nt&eacute;t, az elk&ouml;vetkez&#337; n&eacute;gy &eacute;vet pedig &minus; mint a beb&ouml;rt&ouml;nz&ouml;ttek &minus; egyfajta fogs&aacute;gk&eacute;nt. &Iacute;me Nagy Ferenc t&ouml;visi reform&aacute;tus esperes visszaeml&eacute;kez&eacute;s&eacute;nek egy r&eacute;szlete: <em>&bdquo;Valami sz&iacute;vet facsar&oacute;, g&ouml;rcs&ouml;s s&iacute;r&aacute;sra k&eacute;nyszer&iacute;t&#337; &eacute;rz&eacute;s &ouml;ml&ouml;tt el rajtunk, amikor 1940. VIII. 31-&eacute;n </em>[helyesen: 30-&aacute;n &minus; L.B.B.]<em> du. a magyar r&aacute;di&oacute; bemondta a d&ouml;nt&eacute;st &eacute;s k&ouml;z&ouml;lte az &uacute;j hat&aacute;rvonalakat. Az az &eacute;rz&eacute;s&uuml;nk volt, hogy a b&ouml;rt&ouml;najt&oacute; t&aacute;rva, s rajta t&oacute;dul ki a 22 &eacute;vig k&iacute;nzott milli&oacute;s sereg, s egyszer hirtelen &eacute;s k&ouml;ny&ouml;rtelen&uuml;l becsuk&oacute;dik a felt&aacute;rult vaskapu s a beb&ouml;rt&ouml;nz&ouml;ttek 2/5-&ouml;d r&eacute;sze ott marad tov&aacute;bbra is bez&aacute;rva!&rdquo;</em> A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s &aacute;ltal okozott lelki traum&aacute;t feldolgoz&oacute; reg&eacute;ny&eacute;ben Kacs&oacute; S&aacute;ndor a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok sors&aacute;t a haj&oacute;t&ouml;r&ouml;ttek&eacute;hez hasonl&iacute;totta, ahol a szerencs&eacute;tlen&uuml;l j&aacute;rt utasok kis cs&oacute;nakban h&aacute;nykol&oacute;dnak a viharos tengeren. Sz&aacute;mos d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyar sorst&aacute;rs&aacute;hoz hasonl&oacute;an a csombordi mez&#337;gazdas&aacute;gi iskola igazgat&oacute;j&aacute;n, Nagy Endr&eacute;n is az elhagyatotts&aacute;g &eacute;s a kiszolg&aacute;ltatotts&aacute;g keser&#369; &eacute;rz&eacute;se vett er&#337;t a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s kihirdet&eacute;s&eacute;nek &oacute;r&aacute;iban<em>. </em>Szab&oacute; J&oacute;zsef, aki 1940-ben egy aradi r&aacute;di&oacute;bolt tanul&oacute;jak&eacute;nt a v&aacute;ros valamennyi magyarj&aacute;val egy&uuml;tt nagyon rem&eacute;lte &bdquo;hazat&eacute;r&eacute;s&eacute;t&rdquo;, &eacute;vtizedekkel k&eacute;s&#337;bb &iacute;gy eml&eacute;kezett vissza: amikor a budapesti r&aacute;di&oacute; tudatta a d&ouml;nt&eacute;st, a Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban maradt <em>&bdquo;Aradon volt, aki kidobta a r&aacute;di&oacute;t az ablakon.&rdquo;</em></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="margin-top: 8px;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px;"><strong>A menek&uuml;ltk&eacute;rd&eacute;s</strong></span></span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; napokban val&oacute;s&aacute;gos n&eacute;pv&aacute;ndorl&aacute;s vette kezdet&eacute;t, mely k&eacute;tir&aacute;ny&uacute; volt: &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;lyb&#337;l a rom&aacute;nok, D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyb&#337;l a magyarok kerekedtek fel t&ouml;megesen &eacute;s indultak meg az &uacute;j hat&aacute;rvonal fel&eacute;. A KEOKH 1944. febru&aacute;ri &ouml;ssze&iacute;r&aacute;sa szerint 1940 szeptember&eacute;t&#337;l 1944 febru&aacute;rj&aacute;ig 74 500 csal&aacute;df&#337; &eacute;s egyed&uuml;l&aacute;ll&oacute; menek&uuml;lt &eacute;rkezett Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;b&oacute;l, els&#337;sorban D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyb&#337;l. Csal&aacute;dtagokkal egy&uuml;tt 1938. janu&aacute;r elseje &oacute;ta &ndash; az 1941-ben B&aacute;csk&aacute;ba &aacute;ttelep&iacute;tett 13 200 bukovinai sz&eacute;kely n&eacute;lk&uuml;l &ndash; 190 132 f&#337; &eacute;rkezett, &iacute;gy a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s ut&aacute;ni rom&aacute;niai menek&uuml;ltek &ouml;sszl&eacute;tsz&aacute;ma 176&ndash;178 ezer lehetett. Figyelembe v&eacute;ve azonban az ut&oacute;lagos adatgy&#369;jt&eacute;s pontatlans&aacute;gait &ndash; a felh&iacute;v&aacute;sok ellen&eacute;re feltehet&#337;en sokan meg sem jelentek a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok el&#337;tt nyilv&aacute;ntart&oacute; lapjuk ki&aacute;ll&iacute;t&aacute;sa v&eacute;gett &ndash; b&iacute;zv&aacute;st k&eacute;tsz&aacute;zezerre, s&#337;t ann&aacute;l valamivel t&ouml;bbre is becs&uuml;lhetj&uuml;k azok sz&aacute;m&aacute;t, akik a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s k&ouml;zvetlen vagy k&ouml;zvetett hat&aacute;sa alatt rom&aacute;niai lak&oacute;hely&uuml;ket elhagyt&aacute;k.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A magyarok menek&uuml;l&eacute;s&eacute;nek h&aacute;tter&eacute;ben sz&aacute;mos alkalommal hat&oacute;s&aacute;gi k&eacute;nyszer &aacute;llt. A bossz&uacute;v&aacute;gyt&oacute;l sem mentes, indulatokkal terhelt l&eacute;gk&ouml;rben m&aacute;r a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s m&aacute;snapj&aacute;n elkezd&#337;d&ouml;tt a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi &eacute;s &oacute;kir&aacute;lys&aacute;gbeli magyar alkalmazottak elbocs&aacute;t&aacute;sa, Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;b&oacute;l val&oacute; ki&#369;z&eacute;se. A t&aacute;voz&aacute;snak azonban t&aacute;rsadaloml&eacute;lektani okai is voltak. A m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s nyom&aacute;n a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok j&oacute; r&eacute;sze elvesz&iacute;tette hit&eacute;t &eacute;s kitart&aacute;s&aacute;t, az &bdquo;&uacute;ttalans&aacute;g &eacute;s tehetetlens&eacute;g&rdquo; &eacute;rz&eacute;se lett &uacute;rr&aacute; a lelkeken.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyar t&aacute;rsadalmat igen s&uacute;lyosan &eacute;rintette a t&ouml;meges elv&aacute;ndorl&aacute;s. A budapesti korm&aacute;ny enged&eacute;ly&eacute;vel a reg&aacute;ti magyarok szinte mind &aacute;tk&ouml;lt&ouml;ztek, D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly egyes vid&eacute;kein pedig aggaszt&oacute; m&eacute;reteket &ouml;lt&ouml;tt a menek&uuml;l&eacute;s. A v&aacute;rosi magyars&aacute;g sz&aacute;m&aacute;nak &aacute;tlagos apad&aacute;sa a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; els&#337; h&oacute;napokban 10&ndash;15 sz&aacute;zal&eacute;k k&ouml;r&uuml;l mozgott, de sok helyen ezt j&oacute;val t&uacute;lhaladta. Nagyszeben mintegy hat&ndash;h&eacute;tezernyi magyar lakoss&aacute;ga p&eacute;ld&aacute;ul a fel&eacute;re cs&ouml;kkent, Tord&aacute;n pedig &ndash; a rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;ltek t&ouml;meges leteleped&eacute;se miatt is &ndash; az 1930. &eacute;vi k&ouml;zel 50%-r&oacute;l 1941-re 21%-ra esett vissza a magyar nemzetis&eacute;g&#369;ek ar&aacute;nya. Brass&oacute;t, ahol 1930-ban mintegy 25 ezer magyar &eacute;lt, 1940 &eacute;s 1942 k&ouml;z&ouml;tt mintegy 15 ezren hagyt&aacute;k el &ndash; igaz, &#337;ket j&oacute;r&eacute;szt p&oacute;tolt&aacute;k a k&ouml;rnyez&#337; falvakb&oacute;l bek&ouml;lt&ouml;z&#337; magyarok. Becsl&eacute;sek szerint 1943-ig a Zsil-v&ouml;lgyi magyars&aacute;g 70&ndash;80%-a t&aacute;vozott. A v&aacute;rosi menek&uuml;ltek t&ouml;bbnyire munk&aacute;sok, napsz&aacute;mosok, csel&eacute;dek voltak, de az &eacute;rtelmis&eacute;gi, tisztvisel&#337;i, valamint az iparos- &eacute;s keresked&#337;r&eacute;teget is megtizedelte az &aacute;tk&ouml;lt&ouml;z&eacute;s. A falvak lak&oacute;it viszonylag kev&eacute;sb&eacute; &eacute;rintette a menek&uuml;l&eacute;s, k&ouml;z&uuml;l&uuml;k legink&aacute;bb a katonak&ouml;teles ifjak t&aacute;voztak el.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az &ouml;sszes menek&uuml;lt mintegy fele, kb. sz&aacute;zezer magyar a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; f&eacute;l &eacute;vben, 1941. febru&aacute;r 26-ig hagyta el Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;t. Az elv&aacute;ndorl&aacute;s ar&aacute;nyaira jellemz&#337;, hogy m&iacute;g az 1930. &eacute;vi rom&aacute;n n&eacute;psz&aacute;ml&aacute;l&aacute;s nemzetis&eacute;gi adatai szerint D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben 440 ezer magyar &eacute;lt (anyanyelv alapj&aacute;n 473 ezer), &eacute;s az &ouml;sszlakoss&aacute;g 14%-&aacute;t k&eacute;pezte, 1941 &aacute;prilis&aacute;ra a magyar &bdquo;etnikai eredet&#369;ek&rdquo; sz&aacute;ma 363 ezerre cs&ouml;kkent, azaz a 3 300 000 d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi n&eacute;pess&eacute;g kevesebb, mint 11%-&aacute;ra. Nem t&uacute;lz&aacute;s kijelenteni, hogy n&eacute;gy &eacute;v leforg&aacute;sa alatt, teh&aacute;t a h&aacute;bor&uacute;b&oacute;l val&oacute; rom&aacute;n kiugr&aacute;sig ez az ar&aacute;ny a 40%-ot is el&eacute;rhette. M&aacute;rpedig e nagyar&aacute;ny&uacute; exodus nem maradhatott s&uacute;lyos k&ouml;vetkezm&eacute;nyek n&eacute;lk&uuml;l: D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly etnikai viszonyai mind a mai napig t&uuml;kr&ouml;zik a hat&aacute;s&aacute;t. A magyar elv&aacute;ndorl&aacute;s &eacute;s az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;ltek &eacute;rkez&eacute;se egy&uuml;ttesen azt eredm&eacute;nyezte, hogy a rom&aacute;nok a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi v&aacute;rosokban, ahol 1930-ban m&eacute;g csak az &ouml;sszlakoss&aacute;g 40%-&aacute;t tett&eacute;k ki, 1941-ben 55%-kal m&aacute;r abszol&uacute;t t&ouml;bbs&eacute;get alkottak, ami 1948-ban 62%-ra emelkedett. D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly 73 v&aacute;ros&aacute;b&oacute;l ma 72 rom&aacute;n, Nagylak pedig szlov&aacute;k t&ouml;bbs&eacute;g&#369;.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;"><strong>Rom&aacute;n &eacute;s magyar nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;sek 1940&ndash;1944 k&ouml;z&ouml;tt</strong></span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g sorsa szorosan &ouml;sszef&uuml;gg&ouml;tt az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;ns&aacute;g&eacute;val. &Eacute;ppen ez&eacute;rt c&eacute;lszer&#369; p&aacute;rhuzamba &aacute;ll&iacute;tani a korabeli rom&aacute;n &eacute;s magyar nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;seket, valamint a k&eacute;t korm&aacute;ny nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai gyakorlat&aacute;nak f&#337;bb jellemz&#337;it.&nbsp;</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">Magyar nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai c&eacute;lkit&#369;z&eacute;sek</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A Teleki-, illetve az ezt k&ouml;vet&#337; B&aacute;rdossy- &eacute;s K&aacute;llay-korm&aacute;nyok az &uacute;n. Szent Istv&aacute;n-i nemzetis&eacute;gpolitik&aacute;t k&ouml;vett&eacute;k. Ennek l&eacute;nyeg&eacute;t Teleki P&aacute;l minisztereln&ouml;k &iacute;gy foglalta &ouml;ssze: &bdquo;<em>mindenf&eacute;le olyan jogot, amely az &aacute;llam egys&eacute;g&eacute;t nem s&eacute;rti, </em>[&hellip;]<em> megadunk mindenkinek</em>&rdquo;. Az egy&eacute;ni nyelvhaszn&aacute;lati jogok biztos&iacute;t&aacute;sa, az anyanyelven foly&oacute; szakszer&#369; k&ouml;zigazgat&aacute;s r&eacute;v&eacute;n k&iacute;v&aacute;nt&aacute;k kezelni a nemzetis&eacute;gi k&eacute;rd&eacute;st.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A &bdquo;hivatalos&rdquo; magyar nemzetis&eacute;gpolitika egyik legf&#337;bb pill&eacute;r&eacute;t a magyars&aacute;g Duna-medencei &bdquo;ezer&eacute;ves&rdquo; k&uuml;ldet&eacute;s&eacute;nek gondolata&nbsp; k&eacute;pezte. A nemzetis&eacute;gpolitik&aacute;t meghat&aacute;roz&oacute; legbefoly&aacute;sosabb szerepl&#337;k Magyarorsz&aacute;got t&ouml;bbnemzetis&eacute;g&#369; &aacute;llamnak tartott&aacute;k, amelyben a nemzetis&eacute;gek nem rendelkeznek ugyan kollekt&iacute;v jog&aacute;ll&aacute;ssal, azaz auton&oacute;mi&aacute;val, de az asszimil&aacute;ci&oacute; sem j&aacute;rhat&oacute; &uacute;t, mint ahogy az 1918-as viszonyok teljes helyre&aacute;ll&iacute;t&aacute;sa sem. A megold&aacute;st a kisebbs&eacute;gek sz&eacute;les t&ouml;megeinek megnyer&eacute;s&eacute;ben l&aacute;tt&aacute;k. A nemzetis&eacute;gi politika c&eacute;lj&aacute;t a nyelvi asszimil&aacute;ci&oacute; helyett &ndash; a magyars&aacute;g els&#337;bbs&eacute;g&eacute;nek biztos&iacute;t&aacute;sa mellett &ndash; ink&aacute;bb az &ouml;nazonoss&aacute;g &aacute;talak&iacute;t&aacute;sa k&eacute;pezte, a nemzetis&eacute;gek magyar &aacute;llamhoz val&oacute; felt&eacute;tlen h&#369;s&eacute;g&eacute;nek &eacute;s lojalit&aacute;s&aacute;nak megk&ouml;vetel&eacute;se. L&eacute;teztek azonban a fentiekt&#337;l elt&eacute;r&#337; elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;sek is, amelyek elvetett&eacute;k a Szent Istv&aacute;n-i nemzetis&eacute;gpolitik&aacute;t, &eacute;s a kisebbs&eacute;geket vagy &bdquo;kirekesztett&eacute;k&rdquo; volna az orsz&aacute;gb&oacute;l, vagy &ouml;nk&eacute;ntes beolvad&aacute;sra k&eacute;nyszer&iacute;tett&eacute;k volna &#337;ket. Ezt vallotta p&eacute;ld&aacute;ul &ndash; m&aacute;sokkal egy&uuml;tt &ndash; a sz&eacute;ls&#337;jobboldali n&eacute;zeteir&#337;l elh&iacute;res&uuml;lt kolozsv&aacute;ri t&ouml;rt&eacute;n&eacute;szprofesszor, Bar&aacute;th Tibor is.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A magyar korm&aacute;nyzat a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st a trianoni b&eacute;keszerz&#337;d&eacute;s r&eacute;szbeni orvosl&aacute;sak&eacute;nt fogta f&ouml;l. Ebb&#337;l k&ouml;vetkezett, hogy a korm&aacute;ny feljogos&iacute;tva &eacute;rezte mag&aacute;t olyan int&eacute;zked&eacute;sek megt&eacute;tel&eacute;re is, amelyek az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g &aacute;ltal kor&aacute;bban elszenvedett legkir&iacute;v&oacute;bb igazs&aacute;gtalans&aacute;gok &eacute;s jogtalans&aacute;gok &bdquo;r&eacute;szbeni repar&aacute;l&aacute;s&aacute;ra&rdquo; adtak m&oacute;dot, helyre&aacute;ll&iacute;tva &uacute;gymond a nemzetis&eacute;gek k&ouml;z&ouml;tti &bdquo;igazs&aacute;gos egyens&uacute;lyi helyzetet&rdquo;. Az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;ns&aacute;g szemsz&ouml;g&eacute;b&#337;l ez azt jelentette, hogy az am&uacute;gy is kisebbs&eacute;gbe ker&uuml;lt n&eacute;pcsoport helyzete &ndash; a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s el&#337;tti &aacute;llapotokhoz viszony&iacute;tva &ndash; sz&aacute;mottev&#337; roml&aacute;st mutatott minden t&eacute;ren.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">&Ouml;sszegezve, a magyar korm&aacute;nyok &ndash; sz&oacute;ban legal&aacute;bbis &ndash; viszonylag toler&aacute;ns nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai elveket vallottak. A deklar&aacute;lt elvek &eacute;s a t&eacute;nyleges k&ouml;zigazgat&aacute;si gyakorlat k&ouml;z&ouml;tt azonban igen m&eacute;ly ellentmond&aacute;s fesz&uuml;lt. Helyi szinten ugyanis &minus; ak&aacute;rcsak a rom&aacute;n hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben &minus; igen gyakran a k&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;ss&eacute;gen alapul&oacute; &bdquo;szemet szem&eacute;rt, fogat fog&eacute;rt&rdquo; elv alapj&aacute;n j&aacute;rtak el. R&aacute;ad&aacute;sul 1940. okt&oacute;ber 4-&eacute;n Teleki P&aacute;l minisztereln&ouml;k utas&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;ra &ndash; mintegy retorzi&oacute;k&eacute;nt a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarokat &eacute;rt s&eacute;relmek&eacute;rt &ndash; a magyar hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok Nagyv&aacute;radon &eacute;s Kolozsv&aacute;ron t&ouml;bb sz&aacute;z rom&aacute;n csal&aacute;dot toloncoltak ki embertelen k&ouml;r&uuml;lm&eacute;nyek k&ouml;z&ouml;tt az orsz&aacute;gb&oacute;l. V&aacute;laszk&eacute;nt Ion Antonescu &aacute;llamvezet&#337; kil&aacute;t&aacute;sba helyezte: sz&uuml;ks&eacute;g eset&eacute;n &bdquo;&ouml;sszeszedik&rdquo; a rom&aacute;niai magyars&aacute;g vezet&#337;it, &eacute;s koncentr&aacute;ci&oacute;s t&aacute;borokat l&eacute;tes&iacute;tenek. Elrendelte: ezent&uacute;l csak annyi magyar nyelv&#369; lap jelenhet meg Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban, amennyi az &aacute;tadott ter&uuml;leten rom&aacute;n nyelven. Ezzel kezdet&eacute;t vette mind magyar, mind rom&aacute;n r&eacute;szr&#337;l a k&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;ss&eacute;gen alapul&oacute; nemzetis&eacute;gi politika, amely k&ouml;zel n&eacute;gy &eacute;vig m&eacute;rgezte a k&eacute;toldal&uacute; kapcsolatokat.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A magyar &eacute;s rom&aacute;n oldalon egyar&aacute;nt eluralkod&oacute; kirekeszt&#337; magatart&aacute;s oda vezetett, hogy &Eacute;szak- &eacute;s D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly is egyre ink&aacute;bb a bez&aacute;rk&oacute;z&oacute;, egym&aacute;ssal szemben&aacute;ll&oacute; etnikai k&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;gek vil&aacute;ga lett.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">Rom&aacute;n nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;sek &eacute;s lakoss&aacute;gcsere-tervek</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Ion Antonescu korm&aacute;ny&aacute;nak nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;sei szorosan k&ouml;t&#337;dtek az Erd&eacute;llyel kapcsolatos terveikhez. Bukarestben k&ouml;zvetlen&uuml;l a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s ut&aacute;n az al&aacute;bbi k&eacute;t fontos elv k&ouml;rvonalaz&oacute;dott: a t&ouml;bb mint egymilli&oacute;nyi &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;ns&aacute;g demogr&aacute;fiai, politikai, gazdas&aacute;gi poz&iacute;ci&oacute;inak meg&#337;rz&eacute;se, tov&aacute;bb&aacute; D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly min&eacute;l teljesebb megtiszt&iacute;t&aacute;sa a magyarokt&oacute;l. Antonescu t&aacute;bornok (k&eacute;s&#337;bb marsall) n&eacute;zetei mindk&eacute;t k&eacute;rd&eacute;sben Sabin Manuil&#259;, a neves demogr&aacute;fus, a rom&aacute;n K&ouml;zponti Statisztikai Int&eacute;zet igazgat&oacute;ja koncepci&oacute;j&aacute;nak hat&aacute;s&aacute;t is t&uuml;kr&ouml;zt&eacute;k.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly megtiszt&iacute;t&aacute;sa a magyarokt&oacute;l, az 1940&ndash;1944 k&ouml;z&ouml;tti, kirekeszt&eacute;sen &eacute;s etnikai homogeniz&aacute;l&aacute;son alapul&oacute; rom&aacute;n nemzetis&eacute;gpolitika fontos pill&eacute;r&eacute;t k&eacute;pezte. E politika el&#337;zm&eacute;nyei a k&eacute;t vil&aacute;gh&aacute;bor&uacute; k&ouml;z&ouml;tti id&#337;szakra ny&uacute;lnak vissza, amikor is az integr&aacute;lis nacionalizmus &ndash; a t&eacute;rs&eacute;g m&aacute;s &aacute;llamaihoz hasonl&oacute;an &ndash; Nagy-Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban is sz&eacute;lesk&ouml;r&#369;en elfogadott eszmerendszer lett. Etnikai tisztogat&aacute;sr&oacute;l azonban sok&aacute;ig nem esett sz&oacute;. E fogalmat Sabin Manuil&#259; haszn&aacute;lta az els&#337;k k&ouml;z&ouml;tt, 1935-ben. Nagy-Rom&aacute;nia felboml&aacute;s&aacute;val egyidej&#369;leg, 1940 nyar&aacute;n egyre sz&eacute;lesebb k&ouml;rben v&aacute;lt elfogadott v&eacute;lem&eacute;nny&eacute;, hogy a kisebbs&eacute;gek hib&aacute;ztathat&oacute;ak az orsz&aacute;g sz&eacute;tes&eacute;s&eacute;&eacute;rt. A megold&aacute;st &ndash; Manuil&#259; elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;seivel &ouml;sszhangban &ndash; ekkor m&aacute;r a politikai vezet&eacute;s is a teljes k&ouml;r&#369; etnikai homogeniz&aacute;ci&oacute;ban, a lakoss&aacute;gcser&eacute;ben l&aacute;tta.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az Antonescu-rezsim egyik legf&#337;bb c&eacute;lja az etnokratikus &aacute;llam fel&eacute;p&iacute;t&eacute;se volt. Ennek alapeszm&eacute;it a neves &iacute;r&oacute;, &uacute;js&aacute;g&iacute;r&oacute;, egyetemi tan&aacute;r, az 1941-t&#337;l propagandaminiszterk&eacute;nt is tev&eacute;kenyked&#337; Nichifor Crainic v&aacute;zolta fel m&aacute;r 1936-ban. Az etnokr&aacute;cia eszerint olyan korporatista jelleg&#369; berendezked&eacute;s, amelyben kifejez&eacute;sre jut a nemzet l&eacute;nyege, egy&uacute;ttal &bdquo;organikus, spiritu&aacute;lis k&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g&rdquo;. Ehhez hozz&aacute;tartozott az is, hogy minden idegent ki akart szor&iacute;tani a rom&aacute;nok lakta ter&uuml;letr&#337;l. Ion Antonescu is hasonl&oacute;an gondolkodott. Vil&aacute;gn&eacute;zet&eacute;nek h&aacute;rom alappill&eacute;re volt: a sz&eacute;ls&#337;s&eacute;ges nacionalizmus, a xenof&oacute;bia &eacute;s a rasszista antiszemitizmus. A nemzetet &#337; sem t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelmi, hanem szerves k&eacute;pz&#337;dm&eacute;nynek fogta fel, amelynek f&#337; &ouml;sszetart&oacute; ereje a v&eacute;rk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g. Gondolkod&aacute;sm&oacute;dj&aacute;ban nem volt helye az etnikai pluralizmusnak &eacute;s &aacute;ltal&aacute;ban v&eacute;ve a demokratikus elveknek. T&aacute;vlati c&eacute;lkit&#369;z&eacute;se a homog&eacute;n rom&aacute;n nemzeti &aacute;llam l&eacute;trehoz&aacute;sa volt az 1939-es hat&aacute;rokon bel&uuml;l.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Etnokratikus szeml&eacute;letm&oacute;dj&aacute;nak megfelel&#337;en az &aacute;llamvezet&#337; &uacute;gy v&eacute;lte, a rom&aacute;n &aacute;llam a t&ouml;bbs&eacute;gi nemzet kiz&aacute;r&oacute;lagos uralm&aacute;nak az eszk&ouml;ze, ez&eacute;rt a t&aacute;rsadalom minden ter&uuml;let&eacute;t meg kell &bdquo;tiszt&iacute;tani&rdquo; a kisebbs&eacute;gekt&#337;l. Az volt a meggy&#337;z&#337;d&eacute;se, hogy a nem rom&aacute;n csoportok jelenl&eacute;te &aacute;lland&oacute; vesz&eacute;lyt jelent, &eacute;s azok am&uacute;gy sem alkalmasak az egy&uuml;tt&eacute;l&eacute;sre. Az idegeneknek tekintett csoportokkal val&oacute; egy&uuml;tt&eacute;l&eacute;s alapvet&#337;en megoldhatatlan probl&eacute;m&aacute;nak l&aacute;tszott, ebb&#337;l k&ouml;vetkez&#337;en a feladat legink&aacute;bb &aacute;tmeneti &minus; az elt&#369;n&eacute;s&uuml;kig tart&oacute; &minus; szigor&uacute; ellen&#337;rz&eacute;s&uuml;k lehetett.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Mihai Antonescu minisztereln&ouml;k-helyettes nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;sei &minus; tal&aacute;n m&eacute;g a marsall&eacute;in&aacute;l is hangs&uacute;lyozottabban &minus; a sz&eacute;ls&#337;s&eacute;ges nacionalizmuson, a magyar- &eacute;s szl&aacute;vgy&#369;l&#337;leten, a faji alap&uacute; antiszemitizmuson alapultak. Etnikai tisztogat&aacute;sr&oacute;l vizion&aacute;lt a minisztertan&aacute;cs 1941. j&uacute;nius 17-i &uuml;l&eacute;s&eacute;n: <em>&bdquo;&hellip;nem csak a zsid&oacute;kat, de az &ouml;sszes nemzetis&eacute;get illet&#337;en, az idegen elemek teljes &eacute;s er&#337;szakos elt&aacute;vol&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;nak politik&aacute;j&aacute;t fogjuk k&ouml;vetni</em>&rdquo;. Kiemelte, hogy a lakoss&aacute;gcsere a b&eacute;kemegold&aacute;sok &eacute;s a holnapi Eur&oacute;pa etnikai, faji &bdquo;megnyugtat&aacute;sa&rdquo; szempontj&aacute;b&oacute;l fontos szerepet fog bet&ouml;lteni a j&ouml;v&#337;ben.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A fenti c&eacute;lokat szolg&aacute;l&oacute; nemzetis&eacute;gpolitikai n&eacute;zetek legteljesebb &ouml;sszefoglal&oacute;j&aacute;t Sabin Manuil&#259; 1941. &#337;szi lakoss&aacute;gcsere-terv&eacute;ben tal&aacute;lhatjuk meg. A demogr&aacute;fus egy r&eacute;szletes tervezetet &aacute;ll&iacute;tott &ouml;ssze a magyar&ndash;rom&aacute;n visz&aacute;ly v&eacute;gleges rendez&eacute;s&eacute;r&#337;l, a lakoss&aacute;gcsere rom&aacute;niai alkalmaz&aacute;si lehet&#337;s&eacute;geir&#337;l, amelyet 1941. okt&oacute;ber 15-&eacute;n megk&uuml;ld&ouml;tt Ion Antonescunak. Mivel Manuil&#259; a tervezetet az &aacute;llamvezet&#337;vel t&ouml;rt&eacute;nt egyik tal&aacute;lkoz&oacute;j&aacute;t k&ouml;vet&#337;en &aacute;ll&iacute;totta &ouml;ssze, az f&#337; von&aacute;saiban bizony&aacute;ra Antonescu n&eacute;zeteit is t&uuml;kr&ouml;zte. A dokumentum az 1940 el&#337;tti rom&aacute;n hat&aacute;rokb&oacute;l indult ki, s az el&eacute;rend&#337; f&#337; c&eacute;lt az etnikailag homog&eacute;n Rom&aacute;nia l&eacute;trehoz&aacute;sa k&eacute;pezte. &bdquo;Ide&aacute;lis&rdquo; megold&aacute;snak a lakoss&aacute;gcser&eacute;t tartotta. A &bdquo;centrifug&aacute;lis&rdquo; kisebbs&eacute;gekt&#337;l (magyarok, oroszok, ukr&aacute;nok, bolg&aacute;rok, szerbek) a t&ouml;bb l&eacute;pcs&#337;ben v&eacute;grehajtand&oacute;, &bdquo;teljes &eacute;s k&ouml;telez&#337; lakoss&aacute;gcsere&rdquo; r&eacute;v&eacute;n szabadult volna meg. Ennek sor&aacute;n Nagy-Rom&aacute;nia ter&uuml;let&eacute;r&#337;l 3,5 milli&oacute; l&eacute;lek t&aacute;vozott, &eacute;s mintegy 1,6 milli&oacute; rom&aacute;n &eacute;rkezett volna. Ami az erd&eacute;lyi magyarokat illeti, a tervezet szerint &#337;k r&eacute;szben a B&aacute;csk&aacute;ba &eacute;s a szerb B&aacute;ns&aacute;gba (az ut&oacute;bbi ter&uuml;let Magyarorsz&aacute;ghoz ker&uuml;lne), r&eacute;szben a Nagyszalonta&ndash;Nagyv&aacute;rad&ndash;Szatm&aacute;rn&eacute;meti s&aacute;vba (a mintegy 5800 km<sup>2</sup>-nyi ter&uuml;letet Rom&aacute;nia &aacute;tengedn&eacute; Magyarorsz&aacute;gnak), a sz&eacute;kelyek pedig K&aacute;rp&aacute;talj&aacute;ra k&ouml;lt&ouml;zn&eacute;nek a rut&eacute;nek hely&eacute;be, akiket viszont Ukrajn&aacute;ba telep&iacute;ten&eacute;nek. Ezzel, illetve a t&ouml;bbi kisebbs&eacute;g &aacute;ttelep&iacute;t&eacute;s&eacute;vel egy 91%-os rom&aacute;n nemzet&aacute;llam j&ouml;tt volna l&eacute;tre, amelynek ter&uuml;lete nagyj&aacute;b&oacute;l 5000 km<sup>2</sup>-rel kisebb az 1939-es Nagy-Rom&aacute;nia ter&uuml;let&eacute;n&eacute;l.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Manuil&#259; tervezete els&#337;sorban a kedvez&#337;tlen k&uuml;ls&#337; k&ouml;r&uuml;lm&eacute;nyek (a h&aacute;bor&uacute;s fejlem&eacute;nyek, a szomsz&eacute;dos orsz&aacute;gok egyet&eacute;rt&eacute;s&eacute;nek &eacute;s &ndash; felt&eacute;telez&eacute;s&uuml;nk szerint &ndash; N&eacute;metorsz&aacute;g j&oacute;v&aacute;hagy&aacute;s&aacute;nak hi&aacute;nya) miatt nem val&oacute;sulhatott meg. B&aacute;r a tervezet nem v&aacute;lt a korm&aacute;ny hivatalos programj&aacute;v&aacute;, az Antonescu-rezsim n&eacute;pess&eacute;gpolitik&aacute;ja mindv&eacute;gig j&oacute;r&eacute;szt Manuil&#259; eszm&eacute;ivel &ouml;sszhangban alakult.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Meg kell eml&iacute;ten&uuml;nk, hogy Vasile Stoica, a h&aacute;bor&uacute; alatti rom&aacute;n b&eacute;ke-el&#337;k&eacute;sz&iacute;t&eacute;st a h&aacute;tt&eacute;rb&#337;l ir&aacute;ny&iacute;t&oacute; tapasztalt diplomata is &ouml;ssze&aacute;ll&iacute;tott 1941-ben egy lakoss&aacute;gcsere-tervet, amelynek f&#337;bb pontjai igen hasonl&iacute;tottak Manuil&#259; elk&eacute;pzel&eacute;seihez. Stoica a magyar&ndash;rom&aacute;n konfliktus egyetlen megold&aacute;s&aacute;nak az etnikai hat&aacute;rok kialak&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;t tekintette, &eacute;s Manuil&#259;-hoz hasonl&oacute;an &#337; is egy kisebb hat&aacute;rm&oacute;dos&iacute;t&aacute;ssal &ouml;sszekapcsolt n&eacute;pess&eacute;gcser&eacute;t javasolt.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;"><strong>A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g helyzete</strong></span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">Politikai, jogi keretek, gazdas&aacute;gi helyzet</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A rom&aacute;niai magyars&aacute;g cselekv&eacute;si lehet&#337;s&eacute;geit behat&aacute;rolta az 1940 szeptember&eacute;ben hatalomra ker&uuml;lt Ion Antonescu fasiszta, majd katonai jelleg&#369; diktat&uacute;r&aacute;j&aacute;nak szigora. M&iacute;g a vasg&aacute;rdista uralom idej&eacute;n els&#337;sorban a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok szem&eacute;lyes biztons&aacute;ga ker&uuml;lt gyakran vesz&eacute;lybe (ver&eacute;sek, letart&oacute;ztat&aacute;sok, &aacute;lland&oacute; fenyegetetts&eacute;g), ezt k&ouml;vet&#337;en f&#337;leg a vagyoni biztons&aacute;gukban &eacute;s a nyelvhaszn&aacute;lat ter&eacute;n szenvedtek k&aacute;rt. Az 1941 j&uacute;nius&aacute;t&oacute;l bevezetett h&aacute;bor&uacute;s rendszab&aacute;lyokon k&iacute;v&uuml;l a magyarokat k&uuml;l&ouml;n is s&uacute;jtott&aacute;k a k&ouml;zponti &eacute;s helyi rom&aacute;n hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok diszkriminat&iacute;v int&eacute;zked&eacute;sei, mindennapi &eacute;let&uuml;ket pedig szinte elviselhetetlenn&eacute; tette a l&eacute;pten&ndash;nyomon megnyilv&aacute;nul&oacute; magyarellenes k&ouml;zhangulat, amelyet legink&aacute;bb az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;ltek sz&iacute;tottak. A &bdquo;magyark&eacute;rd&eacute;s&rdquo; m&eacute;g a kor&aacute;bbiakn&aacute;l is ink&aacute;bb &aacute;llambiztons&aacute;gi k&eacute;rd&eacute;s lett: a hivataloss&aacute;gok szinte &uacute;gy tekintettek a rom&aacute;niai magyarokra, mint akik val&oacute;j&aacute;ban nem Rom&aacute;nia polg&aacute;rai, hanem Magyarorsz&aacute;ghoz tartoznak. A rom&aacute;n titkosrend&#337;rs&eacute;g (az &uacute;n. sziguranca), valamint a csend&#337;rs&eacute;g &eacute;s a rend&#337;rs&eacute;g kisebbs&eacute;gek &ndash; f&#337;leg magyarok &ndash; elleni fell&eacute;p&eacute;sei sokszor a paranoia hat&aacute;r&aacute;t s&uacute;rolt&aacute;k. Tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&uuml;k nagyr&eacute;szt m&aacute;r a kor&aacute;bbi &eacute;vekben is az egyre er&#337;s&ouml;d&#337;nek tartott irredent&aacute;val val&oacute; k&uuml;zdelem jegy&eacute;ben zajlott, &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;ly elveszt&eacute;se ut&aacute;n pedig a magyarok m&eacute;g gyan&uacute;sabb&aacute; v&aacute;ltak a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok szem&eacute;ben.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Korm&aacute;nyutas&iacute;t&aacute;sra m&aacute;r a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s kihirdet&eacute;s&eacute;nek m&aacute;snapj&aacute;n elkezd&#337;d&ouml;tt a magyar nemzetis&eacute;g&#369; alkalmazottak elbocs&aacute;t&aacute;sa &eacute;s az orsz&aacute;gb&oacute;l val&oacute; t&ouml;meges ki&#369;z&eacute;se. A brass&oacute;i &aacute;llami rep&uuml;l&#337;g&eacute;pgy&aacute;r kapuj&aacute;n augusztus 31-&eacute;n egyetlen magyart sem engedtek be, a rendelkez&eacute;st hirdet&#337;t&aacute;bl&aacute;n is k&ouml;z&ouml;lt&eacute;k. Szint&eacute;n brass&oacute;i &eacute;rtes&uuml;l&eacute;s volt, hogy a vas&uacute;ti igazgat&oacute;s&aacute;g elrendelte a magyar nemzetis&eacute;g&#369; beosztottak &ouml;ssze&iacute;r&aacute;s&aacute;t, megjegyezve: aj&aacute;nlatos a t&aacute;voz&aacute;suk. Visszamen&#337;leges keltez&eacute;ssel t&ouml;megesen kezdt&eacute;k &aacute;thelyezni a magyar sz&aacute;rmaz&aacute;s&uacute; vasutasokat, p&eacute;nz&uuml;gyi &eacute;s igazs&aacute;g&uuml;gyi tisztvisel&#337;ket a ki&uuml;r&iacute;t&eacute;s el&#337;tt &aacute;ll&oacute;, de m&eacute;g rom&aacute;n k&ouml;zigazgat&aacute;s&uacute; &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi ter&uuml;letekre. Csak Piski k&ouml;zs&eacute;gb&#337;l 300 magyar vasutast helyeztek &aacute;t a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s m&aacute;snapj&aacute;n. Sok esetben &aacute;thelyez&eacute;si k&eacute;relmet is al&aacute;&iacute;rattak vel&uuml;k. P&eacute;nz&uuml;gyminiszt&eacute;riumi rendelet alapj&aacute;n, &bdquo;szolg&aacute;lati &eacute;rdekb&#337;l&rdquo; az aradi magyar p&eacute;nz&uuml;gyi tisztvisel&#337;ket a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s ut&aacute;n p&aacute;r nappal &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;lybe helyezt&eacute;k &aacute;t, &eacute;s &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;lteket vettek f&ouml;l hely&uuml;kbe.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A helyzet tov&aacute;bbi elm&eacute;rgesed&eacute;s&eacute;ben szerepet j&aacute;tszott az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;ns&aacute;ggal szemben alkalmazott magyar politika is. Teleki P&aacute;l minisztereln&ouml;k minden j&oacute; sz&aacute;nd&eacute;ka ellen&eacute;re a rom&aacute;n lakoss&aacute;got a visszacsatolt ter&uuml;letre bevonul&oacute; egyes honv&eacute;ds&eacute;gi alakulatok r&eacute;sz&eacute;r&#337;l s&uacute;lyos atrocit&aacute;sok &eacute;rt&eacute;k 1940 szeptember&eacute;ben. Ezek k&ouml;z&uuml;l a legkir&iacute;v&oacute;bbak a honv&eacute;ds&eacute;g egyes alakulatai &aacute;ltal elk&ouml;vetett &ouml;rd&ouml;gk&uacute;ti &eacute;s az ippi v&eacute;rengz&eacute;sek voltak.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly magyarokt&oacute;l val&oacute; &bdquo;megtiszt&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;nak&rdquo; egyik leghat&eacute;konyabb eszk&ouml;ze az &uacute;n. k&eacute;nyszeropci&oacute; volt. A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s hat&aacute;rozat&aacute;nak 3. &eacute;s 4. pontjaira hivatkozva, amelyek elvileg lehet&#337;v&eacute; tett&eacute;k az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;nok &eacute;s a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok sz&aacute;m&aacute;ra a rom&aacute;n, illetve a magyar &aacute;llampolg&aacute;rs&aacute;g jav&aacute;ra val&oacute; opt&aacute;l&aacute;st hat h&oacute;napon bel&uuml;l, a rom&aacute;n hivatalos szervek opt&aacute;l&aacute;si nyilatkozatok al&aacute;&iacute;r&aacute;s&aacute;ra buzd&iacute;tott&aacute;k vagy k&eacute;nyszer&iacute;tett&eacute;k a magyarok egy r&eacute;sz&eacute;t, amelyben az al&aacute;&iacute;r&oacute;k egyoldal&uacute;an lemondtak rom&aacute;n &aacute;llampolg&aacute;rs&aacute;gukr&oacute;l.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A kiszolg&aacute;ltatotts&aacute;g &eacute;s jogfosztotts&aacute;g &eacute;rz&eacute;s&eacute;t els&#337;sorban az anyanyelv haszn&aacute;lat&aacute;nak korl&aacute;toz&aacute;sa &eacute;s a mozg&aacute;sszabads&aacute;g hi&aacute;nya keltette a rom&aacute;niai magyars&aacute;gban. A Hunyad megyei Vulk&aacute;n k&ouml;zs&eacute;gben 1941. m&aacute;jus 15-&eacute;n els&#337;k&eacute;nt rendelt&eacute;k el hivatalosan, hogy tilos magyarul besz&eacute;lni. Nem eg&eacute;szen egy h&oacute;nap m&uacute;lva, 1941. j&uacute;nius 9-&eacute;n a rom&aacute;n korm&aacute;ny rendeletet adott ki, amelyben megtiltotta a magyar nyelv haszn&aacute;lat&aacute;t a nyilv&aacute;nos helyeken, s erre falragaszok is figyelmeztett&eacute;k a lakoss&aacute;got. Telefonon sem volt szabad magyarul besz&eacute;lni, s bizonyos kateg&oacute;ri&aacute;j&uacute; magyar alkalmazottakat el kellett bocs&aacute;tani. K&eacute;s&#337;bb a postai lev&eacute;l- &eacute;s t&aacute;viratforgalomban is korl&aacute;tozt&aacute;k a nyelvhaszn&aacute;latot. A rom&aacute;niai helys&eacute;gek magyar elnevez&eacute;se nem szerepelhetett sem a lev&eacute;l c&iacute;mz&eacute;s&eacute;ben, sem annak sz&ouml;veg&eacute;ben. A rom&aacute;n &eacute;s a magyar kifejez&eacute;s egy&uuml;ttes haszn&aacute;lata is tiltva volt. Az int&eacute;zked&eacute;sek egy r&eacute;sz&eacute;t hivatalosan ugyan visszavont&aacute;k k&eacute;s&#337;bb, de a hadtestparancsnoks&aacute;gok &uacute;tj&aacute;n bizonyos k&ouml;rzetekben &uacute;jabb tilt&aacute;sok l&eacute;ptek &eacute;letbe 1942-ben.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az utaz&aacute;si korl&aacute;toz&aacute;sok &ndash; kisebb-nagyobb megszak&iacute;t&aacute;sokkal &ndash; mindv&eacute;gig &eacute;rv&eacute;nyben voltak. A 20 km-es hat&aacute;r menti z&oacute;n&aacute;ban m&eacute;g az egyik falub&oacute;l a m&aacute;sikba val&oacute; k&ouml;zleked&eacute;shez is a csend&#337;rs&eacute;g enged&eacute;lye kellett. Az erre vonatkoz&oacute; rendszab&aacute;lyok &ndash; &aacute;ltal&aacute;nos &eacute;rv&eacute;ny&uuml;k ellen&eacute;re &ndash; k&uuml;l&ouml;n&ouml;sen a magyarokat &eacute;rintett&eacute;k &eacute;rz&eacute;kenyen az enged&eacute;lyek ki&aacute;ll&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;n&aacute;l tapasztalhat&oacute; &ouml;nk&eacute;nyesked&eacute;sek miatt. S&uacute;lyos s&eacute;relmek sz&aacute;m&iacute;tott m&eacute;g a magyar f&eacute;rfiakkal val&oacute; embertelen b&aacute;n&aacute;sm&oacute;d a katonai &eacute;s munkaszolg&aacute;lat sor&aacute;n, a rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;ltek jogtalan besz&aacute;ll&aacute;sol&aacute;sa magyar csal&aacute;dokhoz, vagy a legt&ouml;bbsz&ouml;r megalapozatlan hadb&iacute;r&oacute;s&aacute;gi elj&aacute;r&aacute;sok.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A diktat&uacute;ra k&ouml;r&uuml;lm&eacute;nyei k&ouml;z&ouml;tt &ndash; 1940. szeptember 5-&eacute;n kir&aacute;lyi dekr&eacute;tum f&uuml;ggeszti fel az alkotm&aacute;nyt &eacute;s oszlatja f&ouml;l a parlamentet &ndash; a politikai mozg&aacute;st&eacute;r minim&aacute;lisra cs&ouml;kkent. A rom&aacute;niai magyars&aacute;gnak nem volt k&eacute;pviselete a k&ouml;zponti hatalomban, de m&eacute;g a helyi k&ouml;zigazgat&aacute;sban sem igen, &iacute;gy ki volt rekesztve az &#337;t legk&ouml;zvetlenebb&uuml;l &eacute;rint&#337; &uuml;gyek int&eacute;z&eacute;s&eacute;b&#337;l is. Azt a kev&eacute;s sz&aacute;m&uacute; magyar tisztvisel&#337;t, aki 1940 &#337;sz&eacute;n m&eacute;g a hely&eacute;n volt, fokozatosan elbocs&aacute;tott&aacute;k, vagy D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyb&#337;l a Reg&aacute;tba helyezt&eacute;k &aacute;t rom&aacute;n nyelvi k&ouml;rnyezetbe.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">1941-t&#337;l a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;gra egyre nagyobb gazdas&aacute;gi nyom&aacute;s nehezedett: a rom&aacute;n korm&aacute;nyzat a magyarok m&oacute;dszeres anyagi t&ouml;nkret&eacute;tel&eacute;t t&#369;zte ki c&eacute;lul. E strat&eacute;gia r&eacute;sz&eacute;t k&eacute;pezte a magyar iparosok, keresked&#337;k, &uuml;gyv&eacute;dek, orvosok t&uacute;lad&oacute;ztat&aacute;sa, a k&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;z&#337; &ouml;nk&eacute;nyesen meg&aacute;llap&iacute;tott b&iacute;rs&aacute;gok, az &uacute;n. &uacute;jj&aacute;&eacute;p&iacute;t&eacute;si vagy visszacsatol&aacute;si k&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;k er&#337;szakol&aacute;sa, a gazdas&aacute;gi szabot&aacute;zs &uuml;r&uuml;gy&eacute;n ind&iacute;tott elj&aacute;r&aacute;sok, a k&ouml;zsz&uuml;ks&eacute;gleti cikkek eloszt&aacute;s&aacute;n&aacute;l &eacute;rv&eacute;nyes&iacute;tett h&aacute;tr&aacute;nyos megk&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;ztet&eacute;s, a k&ouml;zmunk&aacute;kn&aacute;l val&oacute; t&uacute;lzott ig&eacute;nybev&eacute;tel, vagy a hat&aacute;r menti ingatlanforgalom korl&aacute;toz&aacute;sa.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A magyar gazd&aacute;kat a sorozatos term&eacute;ny- &eacute;s &aacute;llatrekvir&aacute;l&aacute;sokkal pr&oacute;b&aacute;lt&aacute;k meg t&ouml;nkretenni. A legs&uacute;lyosabb int&eacute;zked&eacute;st a rom&aacute;n k&ouml;zell&aacute;t&aacute;si &aacute;llamtitk&aacute;r 1942. j&uacute;nius 7-i bizalmas k&ouml;rrendelete jelentette, melynek alapj&aacute;n a magyarok &ouml;sszes b&uacute;za- &eacute;s kukoricak&eacute;szlet&eacute;t el kellett kobozni. Budapest k&ouml;zbenj&aacute;r&aacute;s&aacute;ra a tengelyhatalmak &ndash; mint k&eacute;s&#337;bb l&aacute;tni fogjuk &ndash; Andor Hencke n&eacute;met &eacute;s Delfino Roggeri olasz k&uuml;l&ouml;nmegb&iacute;zottat k&uuml;ldt&eacute;k ki a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok &eacute;s az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;nok panaszainak kivizsg&aacute;l&aacute;s&aacute;ra, s ennek eredm&eacute;nyek&eacute;nt az elkobzott term&eacute;nyek egy r&eacute;sz&eacute;t a rom&aacute;n hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok visszaszolg&aacute;ltatt&aacute;k. 1943. november elej&eacute;n &aacute;llatrekvir&aacute;l&aacute;si akci&oacute; indult a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarok ellen. December els&#337; fel&eacute;ben vetettek v&eacute;get a diszkriminat&iacute;v, kiz&aacute;r&oacute;lag magyar gazd&aacute;kat s&uacute;jt&oacute; akci&oacute;nak.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">A Rom&aacute;niai Magyar N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A rom&aacute;niai magyarok &aacute;tfog&oacute; k&eacute;pviseleti szerve a Rom&aacute;niai Magyar N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g volt, amely 1940. november 4-&eacute;n, Nagyenyeden tartotta &uacute;jj&aacute;alakul&oacute; &eacute;rtekezlet&eacute;t. Eln&ouml;kk&eacute; Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s Elem&eacute;rt, aleln&ouml;kk&eacute; Sz&aacute;sz P&aacute;l mell&eacute; gr. Bethlen B&aacute;lintot &eacute;s Jakabffy Elem&eacute;rt, orsz&aacute;gos f&#337;titk&aacute;rr&aacute; Parecz Gy&ouml;rgy&ouml;t v&aacute;lasztott&aacute;k. Az alapszab&aacute;ly szerint Kolozsv&aacute;r helyett Nagyenyed lett a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g &uacute;j sz&eacute;khelye.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A rom&aacute;n korm&aacute;ny elismerte ugyan a Magyar N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;gnek, mint a rom&aacute;niai magyarok &aacute;tfog&oacute; k&eacute;pviseleti szerv&eacute;nek l&eacute;tjogosults&aacute;g&aacute;t, de az orsz&aacute;gos &eacute;s helyi politikai &uuml;gyekbe semmif&eacute;le belesz&oacute;l&aacute;si jogot nem biztos&iacute;tott sz&aacute;m&aacute;ra. Tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&eacute;t am&uacute;gy is szinte mindv&eacute;gig megb&eacute;n&iacute;totta a gy&uuml;lekez&eacute;si tilalom, az utaz&aacute;si korl&aacute;toz&aacute;sok &eacute;s az igen szigor&uacute; lev&eacute;l- &eacute;s sajt&oacute;cenz&uacute;ra.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g f&#337;leg a jogv&eacute;delem ter&eacute;n fejtett ki aktivit&aacute;st, k&ouml;zponti &eacute;s helyi irod&aacute;i r&eacute;v&eacute;n &aacute;lland&oacute; jogseg&eacute;lyt ny&uacute;jtott. A leghat&eacute;konyabban m&#369;k&ouml;d&#337; brass&oacute;i iroda p&eacute;ld&aacute;ul hivatalos beadv&aacute;nyok megszerkeszt&eacute;s&eacute;ben seg&eacute;dkezett, elj&aacute;rt a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gokn&aacute;l a magyar panaszok orvosl&aacute;sa &uuml;gy&eacute;ben, munkak&ouml;zvet&iacute;t&eacute;st v&aacute;llalt, ezenk&iacute;v&uuml;l k&#337;nyomatos k&ouml;rlevelekben rendszeresen ismertette a leg&uacute;jabb hat&oacute;s&aacute;gi rendelkez&eacute;seket. A rom&aacute;niai magyar egyh&aacute;zakkal egy&uuml;tt a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g r&eacute;szt v&aacute;llalt a Magyarorsz&aacute;gr&oacute;l &eacute;rkezett, els&#337;sorban szoci&aacute;lis c&eacute;lokat szolg&aacute;l&oacute; titkos seg&eacute;lyek sz&eacute;toszt&aacute;s&aacute;ban a r&aacute;szorultak k&ouml;z&ouml;tt. Ezenk&iacute;v&uuml;l rendszeresen inform&aacute;lta a m&aacute;r eml&iacute;tett magyar konzul&aacute;tusokat, valamint a bukaresti magyar k&ouml;vets&eacute;get a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g helyzet&eacute;nek alakul&aacute;s&aacute;r&oacute;l, &eacute;s seg&iacute;tette azok m&#369;k&ouml;d&eacute;s&eacute;t. A N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g helyi tagozatai a k&ouml;r&uuml;lm&eacute;nyekt&#337;l f&uuml;gg&#337;en eg&eacute;szs&eacute;g&uuml;gyi, szoci&aacute;lis &eacute;s kultur&aacute;lis feladatokat is ell&aacute;ttak. A N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g napilapja a Temesv&aacute;ron megjelen&#337;, 1941 m&aacute;rcius&aacute;t&oacute;l &uacute;jra enged&eacute;lyezett <em>D&eacute;li H&iacute;rlap</em> lett.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g sz&#369;kebb vezet&eacute;sen bel&uuml;l kezdett&#337;l fogva ellent&eacute;tek voltak. T&ouml;bben egyszem&eacute;lyes vezet&eacute;si st&iacute;lussal v&aacute;dolt&aacute;k Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;st, &eacute;s szem&eacute;re vetett&eacute;k, hogy keveset t&ouml;r&#337;dik a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g bels&#337; &uuml;gyeinek int&eacute;z&eacute;s&eacute;vel. A lappang&oacute; visz&aacute;ly 1942 &#337;sz&eacute;n robbant ki: szeptember 24-i level&eacute;ben Sz&aacute;sz P&aacute;l k&ouml;z&ouml;lte Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;ssal, hogy lemond aleln&ouml;ki tiszts&eacute;g&eacute;r&#337;l. Ezt azzal indokolta, hogy Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s nem h&iacute;vja &ouml;ssze a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g int&eacute;z&#337;bizotts&aacute;g&aacute;t, &eacute;s nem egyeztet az eln&ouml;ki tan&aacute;cs tagjaival, miel&#337;tt a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;got &eacute;rint&#337; fontos k&eacute;rd&eacute;sekr&#337;l nyilatkozik. Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s visszautas&iacute;totta Sz&aacute;sz P&aacute;l v&aacute;dj&aacute;t, hogy &ouml;nk&eacute;nyesen int&eacute;zn&eacute; a magyar kisebbs&eacute;g &uuml;gyeit. Az eln&ouml;ki tan&aacute;cs&uuml;l&eacute;s &ouml;ssze nem h&iacute;v&aacute;s&aacute;t a szigor&uacute; utaz&aacute;si korl&aacute;toz&aacute;sokkal magyar&aacute;zta.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s&minus;Sz&aacute;sz visz&aacute;ly m&ouml;g&ouml;tt r&eacute;szben szem&eacute;lyes, r&eacute;szben elvi ellent&eacute;tek &aacute;lltak. Jakabffy visszaeml&eacute;kez&eacute;sei szerint a Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;st t&aacute;mogat&oacute; b&aacute;ns&aacute;gi, aradi, brass&oacute;i magyar vezet&#337;k v&eacute;lem&eacute;nye az volt, hogy Sz&aacute;sz megs&eacute;rt&#337;d&ouml;tt, ami&eacute;rt Budapest v&aacute;laszt&aacute;sa 1940 szeptember&eacute;ben nem r&aacute;, hanem Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;sra esett. Ez&eacute;rt k&eacute;s&#337;bb &eacute;ppen olyan aknamunk&aacute;t folytatott, mint 1940 el&#337;tt Bethlen Gy&ouml;rgy ellen. A baloldali Kacs&oacute; S&aacute;ndor viszont elvi k&uuml;l&ouml;nbs&eacute;gekr&#337;l &iacute;rt. Szerinte a bank&aacute;r Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s csak v&aacute;laszt&oacute;t &eacute;s ny&iacute;rni val&oacute; ny&aacute;jat l&aacute;tott a n&eacute;pben, m&iacute;g Sz&aacute;sz &minus; Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;ssal ellent&eacute;tben &minus; nem a magyar korm&aacute;ny megb&iacute;zottja volt, hanem a n&eacute;pet k&eacute;pviselte, &eacute;s azt szervezte.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s Elem&eacute;r &eacute;s M&aacute;rton &Aacute;ron gyulafeh&eacute;rv&aacute;ri r&oacute;mai katolikus p&uuml;sp&ouml;k k&ouml;z&ouml;tt is ellent&eacute;t fesz&uuml;lt, amely Magyarorsz&aacute;g n&eacute;met megsz&aacute;ll&aacute;s&aacute;t k&ouml;vet&#337;en ki&eacute;lez&#337;d&ouml;tt, &eacute;s ideol&oacute;giai sz&iacute;nezetet is &ouml;lt&ouml;tt. M&iacute;g a p&uuml;sp&ouml;k 1944. m&aacute;jus 18-&aacute;n, a kolozsv&aacute;ri Szent Mih&aacute;ly templomban elmondott sz&oacute;zat&aacute;ban ny&iacute;ltan felemelte szav&aacute;t a zsid&oacute;k deport&aacute;l&aacute;sa ellen, addig Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s az &bdquo;&aacute;rral &uacute;szott&rdquo;, &eacute;s a felt&eacute;tlen n&eacute;metbar&aacute;t Szt&oacute;jay-korm&aacute;nnyal igyekezett j&oacute; viszonyt &aacute;polni.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s &eacute;s a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g vezet&eacute;s&eacute;n bel&uuml;li &bdquo;ellenz&eacute;k&rdquo; k&ouml;z&ouml;tti ny&iacute;lt szak&iacute;t&aacute;sra 1944 m&aacute;jus 25-&eacute;n, a g&aacute;ldt&#337;i tal&aacute;lkoz&oacute;n ker&uuml;lt sor, ahol m&aacute;r kor&aacute;bban is tan&aacute;cskoztak a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g vezet&#337;i. A Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;st b&iacute;r&aacute;l&oacute; M&aacute;rton &Aacute;ron, Nagy Ferenc, Sz&aacute;sz P&aacute;l, illetve gr&oacute;f Haller Istv&aacute;n kifejtett&eacute;k, hogy sz&uuml;ks&eacute;gesnek tartj&aacute;k az addigi egyszem&eacute;lyes vezet&eacute;si st&iacute;lus megv&aacute;ltoztat&aacute;s&aacute;t, a fontos k&eacute;rd&eacute;sekben val&oacute; k&ouml;z&ouml;s d&ouml;nt&eacute;st. Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s erre k&ouml;z&ouml;lte: a saj&aacute;t &eacute;s a brass&oacute;i, aradi, temesv&aacute;ri, d&eacute;vai vezet&#337;k nev&eacute;ben kijelenti, hogy az utaz&aacute;si neh&eacute;zs&eacute;gek, a gy&uuml;lekez&eacute;si tilalom, a sziguranca meg a rend&#337;rs&eacute;g magatart&aacute;sa miatt nem tartja lehets&eacute;gesnek az eln&ouml;ki tan&aacute;cs&uuml;l&eacute;s &ouml;sszeh&iacute;v&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ezt k&ouml;vet&#337;en M&aacute;rton &Aacute;ron &eacute;lesen b&iacute;r&aacute;lta az eln&ouml;k egyszem&eacute;lyes vezet&eacute;si m&oacute;dj&aacute;t, &eacute;s tiltakoz&aacute;sk&eacute;ppen elh&aacute;r&iacute;tott mag&aacute;t&oacute;l a &bdquo;N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g munk&aacute;j&aacute;ban val&oacute; mindennem&#369; kollabor&aacute;ci&oacute;t&rdquo;.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">N&eacute;h&aacute;ny h&eacute;t m&uacute;lva G&aacute;l Mikl&oacute;s, Sz&aacute;sz P&aacute;l &eacute;s gr&oacute;f Haller Istv&aacute;n bejelentett&eacute;k, hogy teljes szolidarit&aacute;st v&aacute;llalnak a p&uuml;sp&ouml;kkel. J&uacute;lius 26-&aacute;n, mivel Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;s nem volt hajland&oacute; &ouml;sszeh&iacute;vni az eln&ouml;ki tan&aacute;cs&uuml;l&eacute;st, lemondtak eln&ouml;ki tan&aacute;csi tags&aacute;gukr&oacute;l, de mint &bdquo;egyszer&#369; k&ouml;zkaton&aacute;k&rdquo; tov&aacute;bbra is a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g tagjai k&iacute;v&aacute;ntak maradni. Nagy Ferenc szolidarit&aacute;st v&aacute;llalt vel&uuml;k. Az eln&ouml;ki tags&aacute;gukr&oacute;l lemondott vezet&#337;k arra a k&ouml;vetkeztet&eacute;sre jutottak, hogy Gy&aacute;rf&aacute;ssal v&eacute;gk&eacute;pp nem lehet egy&uuml;ttm&#369;k&ouml;dni. Ez&eacute;rt arra k&eacute;rt&eacute;k Jakabffy Elem&eacute;rt, hogy lemond&oacute; nyilatkozatukat tegye k&ouml;zz&eacute; a <em>D&eacute;li H&iacute;rlap</em>ban. Erre azonban az 1944. augusztus 23-&aacute;n bek&ouml;vetkezett fordulat miatt m&aacute;r nem ker&uuml;lhetett sor. A rom&aacute;n &aacute;t&aacute;ll&aacute;s &eacute;s az ezt k&ouml;vet&#337; esem&eacute;nyek a Rom&aacute;niai Magyar N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;get nyomtalanul elsodort&aacute;k. Hely&eacute;t a baloldali ir&aacute;nyults&aacute;g&uacute; MADOSZ, majd a Magyar N&eacute;pi Sz&ouml;vets&eacute;g vette &aacute;t. A szem&eacute;lyes rivaliz&aacute;l&aacute;s &minus; Kacs&oacute; S&aacute;ndor szavaival &minus; &bdquo;t&ouml;rt&eacute;nelmi &uuml;resj&aacute;ratnak&rdquo; bizonyult.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerisblack;font-size:26px;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:26px;margin-top:8px;text-align:left;"><strong>Az EMGE tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;ge</strong></span><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az EMGE D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben maradt r&eacute;sze a magyar gazd&aacute;k &eacute;rdekeit v&eacute;d&#337; &ouml;n&aacute;ll&oacute; szervezetk&eacute;nt m&#369;k&ouml;d&ouml;tt a N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g keretein bel&uuml;l. A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s ut&aacute;n az EMG&Eacute;-nek 5820 nyilv&aacute;ntartott tagja &eacute;s 188 gazdak&ouml;re maradt Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban. Sz&aacute;sz P&aacute;l m&aacute;r szeptember k&ouml;zep&eacute;n megkezdte az &uacute;jj&aacute;szervez&eacute;si munk&aacute;t. 1940. november 12-&eacute;re, Nagyenyedre h&iacute;vta &ouml;ssze a gazdas&aacute;gi fel&uuml;gyel&#337;k &eacute;rtekezlet&eacute;t, hogy megszervezze az &uacute;j k&ouml;zpontot. Hat ker&uuml;letet alak&iacute;tottak ki, mindegyik &eacute;l&eacute;n egy-egy fel&uuml;gyel&#337;vel, akik &ouml;sszefogt&aacute;k &eacute;s ellen&#337;rizt&eacute;k a falusi gazdak&ouml;r&ouml;k munk&aacute;j&aacute;t, valamint v&eacute;grehajtott&aacute;k a nagyenyedi k&ouml;zpontb&oacute;l j&ouml;v&#337; utas&iacute;t&aacute;sokat.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A k&uuml;l&ouml;nf&eacute;le korl&aacute;toz&oacute; int&eacute;zked&eacute;sek &eacute;s a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gi zaklat&aacute;sok ellen&eacute;re az EMGE tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;ge eredm&eacute;nyesnek bizonyult. A tags&aacute;g l&eacute;tsz&aacute;ma k&eacute;t &eacute;v alatt, 1942 derek&aacute;ig 5800-r&oacute;l mintegy 16 ezerre, m&iacute;g a gazdak&ouml;r&ouml;k sz&aacute;ma 163-r&oacute;l 264-re duzzadt f&ouml;l. A gazdak&ouml;ri tagok sz&aacute;ma egy &eacute;v alatt 8900-r&oacute;l mintegy 12 ezer 500-ra emelkedett. A gazdak&ouml;r&ouml;k&ouml;n kereszt&uuml;l, vagy a k&ouml;zvetlen&uuml;l beszervezett gazd&aacute;k sz&aacute;ma azonban a 25 ezret is meghaladta. Lapja, az <em>Erd&eacute;lyi Gazda</em> t&ouml;bb mint 16 ezer p&eacute;ld&aacute;nyban jelent meg.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az &uacute;n. g&eacute;pakci&oacute;k sor&aacute;n az EMGE mez&#337;gazdas&aacute;gi g&eacute;pekhez juttatta ingyen vagy kedvezm&eacute;nyes &aacute;ron a magyar kisbirtokosokat. Viszonylag nagy gabon&aacute;t, vet&#337;magot, facsemet&eacute;t, teny&eacute;sz&aacute;llatot &eacute;s m&#369;tr&aacute;gy&aacute;t osztott ki, a r&aacute;szorul&oacute;knak k&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;ket &eacute;s gyorsseg&eacute;lyt is ny&uacute;jtott. 1944 tavasz&aacute;n &minus; tal&aacute;n a v&eacute;szesen k&ouml;zeled&#337; front hat&aacute;s&aacute;ra &minus; a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok, k&uuml;l&ouml;n&ouml;sen a falvakban, valamivel eln&eacute;z&#337;bbek lettek a gy&uuml;lekez&eacute;si tilalom alkalmaz&aacute;s&aacute;ban. Ez lehet&#337;v&eacute; tette n&eacute;pes, hetekig tart&oacute; mez&#337;gazdas&aacute;gi tanfolyamok szervez&eacute;s&eacute;t.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">Felekezeti &eacute;let</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; &aacute;ltal&aacute;nos rem&eacute;nyvesztetts&eacute;g &aacute;llapot&aacute;ban fel&eacute;rt&eacute;kel&#337;d&ouml;tt a csonk&aacute;n maradt d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyar egyh&aacute;zak szerepe, ann&aacute;l is ink&aacute;bb, mivel a diktat&uacute;ra a szigor&uacute;an vett, templomban zajl&oacute; vall&aacute;si &eacute;letet viszonylag b&eacute;k&eacute;ben hagyta. Minden eszk&ouml;zzel akad&aacute;lyozta ellenben az egyh&aacute;zak karitat&iacute;v, &eacute;s iskol&aacute;n k&iacute;v&uuml;li n&eacute;pnevel&#337; tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&eacute;t, valamint kultur&aacute;lis, egyes&uuml;leti &eacute;let&eacute;t. &Iacute;gy p&eacute;ld&aacute;ul a templomon k&iacute;v&uuml;l v&eacute;gzett b&aacute;rminem&#369; gy&#369;jt&eacute;s tilosnak min&#337;s&uuml;lt, a k&uuml;l&ouml;nf&eacute;le egyh&aacute;zi &ouml;sszej&ouml;vetelek &eacute;s gy&#369;l&eacute;sek megtart&aacute;s&aacute;t pedig nem, vagy csak rend&#337;ri jelenl&eacute;t mellett enged&eacute;lyezt&eacute;k a katonai hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok. A hitbuzgalmi &eacute;s karitat&iacute;v egyes&uuml;letek tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;g&eacute;t teljesen megb&eacute;n&iacute;totta a gy&uuml;lekez&eacute;si tilalom, a magyar nyelv&#369; egyh&aacute;zi lapok megjelen&eacute;s&eacute;t a cenz&uacute;ra fokozatosan besz&uuml;ntette, a helyi hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok &eacute;s a csend&#337;rs&eacute;g t&uacute;lkap&aacute;sai mindennaposak voltak. Az irredentagyan&uacute;s elemk&eacute;nt sz&aacute;mon tartott magyar paps&aacute;g a legk&uuml;l&ouml;nf&eacute;l&eacute;bb &uuml;r&uuml;gyekkel folytonos zaklat&aacute;snak volt kit&eacute;ve a gyakori h&aacute;zkutat&aacute;sok, a megalapozatlan hadb&iacute;r&oacute;s&aacute;gi elj&aacute;r&aacute;sok vagy az utaz&aacute;si enged&eacute;lyek &ouml;nk&eacute;nyes megtagad&aacute;sa r&eacute;v&eacute;n.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A gyulafeh&eacute;rv&aacute;ri r&oacute;mai katolikus egyh&aacute;zmegye kb. egyharmad r&eacute;sze, 86 pl&eacute;b&aacute;nia, &ouml;sszesen mintegy 85 000 h&iacute;v&#337; maradt D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben. M&aacute;rton &Aacute;ron p&uuml;sp&ouml;k nem hagyta el sz&eacute;khely&eacute;t, egyh&aacute;zmegy&eacute;j&eacute;nek Magyarorsz&aacute;gra ker&uuml;lt r&eacute;sz&eacute;t is Gyulafeh&eacute;rv&aacute;rr&oacute;l ir&aacute;ny&iacute;totta S&aacute;ndor Imre helytart&oacute; r&eacute;v&eacute;n. Hat&aacute;sk&ouml;r&eacute;be ker&uuml;lt a nagyv&aacute;radi egyh&aacute;zmegye Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban maradt 9 pl&eacute;b&aacute;ni&aacute;ja is. A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s ut&aacute;ni napokban d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi papjait helyben marad&aacute;sra k&ouml;telezte, h&iacute;veit pedig arra buzd&iacute;totta a p&uuml;sp&ouml;k, hogy ne gondoljanak mindj&aacute;rt a menek&uuml;l&eacute;sre. M&aacute;rton &Aacute;ron nemcsak D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;ly legmagasabb rang&uacute; &eacute;s legkarizmatikusabb magyar egyh&aacute;zi vezet&#337;je volt, hanem az ottani magyars&aacute;g nem hivatalos, erk&ouml;lcsi-szellemi ir&aacute;ny&iacute;t&oacute;j&aacute;nak sz&aacute;m&iacute;tott; szav&aacute;nak s&uacute;lya volt Budapesten &eacute;s Bukarestben is.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az Erd&eacute;lyi Reform&aacute;tus Egyh&aacute;zker&uuml;let k&eacute;t&ouml;t&ouml;de maradt Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban, ami a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s pillanat&aacute;ban 205 anyaegyh&aacute;zk&ouml;zs&eacute;get jelentett kb. 177 000 l&eacute;lekkel, akik k&ouml;z&uuml;l 51 000-en a Reg&aacute;tban &eacute;ltek. Ez ut&oacute;bbiak nagy r&eacute;sze Magyarorsz&aacute;gra t&aacute;vozott, de a menek&uuml;l&eacute;s k&ouml;vetkezt&eacute;ben a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi h&iacute;vek sz&aacute;ma sem haladta meg sokkal 1943-ban a 100 000-et. A Kolozsv&aacute;rott sz&eacute;kel&#337; V&aacute;s&aacute;rhelyi J&aacute;nos p&uuml;sp&ouml;k javaslat&aacute;ra az egyh&aacute;zker&uuml;let Igazgat&oacute;tan&aacute;csa m&aacute;r augusztus 31-&eacute;n d&ouml;nt&ouml;tt a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi ideiglenes int&eacute;z&#337;bizotts&aacute;g fel&aacute;ll&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;r&oacute;l, amelynek vil&aacute;gi eln&ouml;ke gr&oacute;f Bethlen B&aacute;lint volt f&#337;gondnok, egyh&aacute;zi eln&ouml;ke pedig Nagy Ferenc t&ouml;visi esperes lett.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A Kir&aacute;lyh&aacute;g&oacute;mell&eacute;ki Reform&aacute;tus Egyh&aacute;zker&uuml;let 6 egyh&aacute;zmegy&eacute;j&eacute;b&#337;l 2 maradt Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban Nemes Elem&eacute;r, a nagyv&aacute;radi p&uuml;sp&ouml;k&ouml;t helyettes&iacute;t&#337; b&aacute;ns&aacute;gi esperes vezet&eacute;se alatt. H&iacute;veinek sz&aacute;ma hozz&aacute;vet&#337;legesen 55 000 volt. Nemes Elem&eacute;r kezdetben elz&aacute;rk&oacute;zott a k&eacute;t csonk&aacute;n maradt reform&aacute;tus ker&uuml;letr&eacute;sz egyes&iacute;t&eacute;s&eacute;nek gondolat&aacute;t&oacute;l, melyet Nagy Ferenc&eacute;k szorgalmaztak, k&eacute;s&#337;bb a rom&aacute;n kultuszt&aacute;rca akad&aacute;lyozta meg egy k&ouml;z&ouml;s p&uuml;sp&ouml;k v&aacute;laszt&aacute;s&aacute;t.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az aradi sz&eacute;khely&#369; magyar evang&eacute;likus egyh&aacute;zker&uuml;let mind&ouml;ssze n&eacute;gy egyh&aacute;zk&ouml;zs&eacute;get vesz&iacute;tett el a ter&uuml;leti v&aacute;ltoz&aacute;sok nyom&aacute;n, 5000 h&iacute;v&#337;vel. A sz&oacute;rv&aacute;nyokkal egy&uuml;tt d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi h&iacute;veinek sz&aacute;ma 40 000 volt, nagy r&eacute;sz&uuml;k egy t&ouml;mbben, a Brass&oacute; melletti Barcas&aacute;gon, az &uacute;n. Cs&aacute;ng&oacute;f&ouml;ld&ouml;n &eacute;lt. 1941 m&aacute;jus&aacute;ban Argay Gy&ouml;rgy temesv&aacute;ri esperest, addigi p&uuml;sp&ouml;khelyettest v&aacute;lasztott&aacute;k p&uuml;sp&ouml;kk&eacute;. A rom&aacute;n korm&aacute;ny megtagadta t&#337;le a hivatalos elismer&eacute;st, &iacute;gy elmaradt az egyh&aacute;z &aacute;llami t&aacute;mogat&aacute;sa is.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s ut&aacute;n a rom&aacute;niai magyar felekezetek k&ouml;z&uuml;l a legmostoh&aacute;bb helyzetbe az unit&aacute;rius jutott. B&aacute;r az anyaegyh&aacute;z fele D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben maradt, Magyarorsz&aacute;gra ker&uuml;lt a p&uuml;sp&ouml;ki sz&eacute;khely (Kolozsv&aacute;r) az egyh&aacute;zi vagyon legnagyobb r&eacute;sz&eacute;vel, tov&aacute;bb&aacute; mindk&eacute;t k&ouml;z&eacute;piskol&aacute;ja (Kolozsv&aacute;r, Sz&eacute;kelykereszt&uacute;r) &eacute;s a lelk&eacute;szk&eacute;pz&#337; teol&oacute;giai akad&eacute;mia is. A h&aacute;rom egyh&aacute;zk&ouml;rbe szervez&#337;d&#337;, 53 egyh&aacute;zk&ouml;zs&eacute;get mag&aacute;ba foglal&oacute; d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi egyh&aacute;zr&eacute;sz &eacute;let&eacute;t fokozatos t&aacute;rsadalmi t&eacute;rveszt&eacute;s, int&eacute;zm&eacute;nyi, demogr&aacute;fiai sorvad&aacute;s jellemezte. Az 1940 szeptember&eacute;ben m&eacute;g mintegy 30 ezer d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi unit&aacute;rius sz&aacute;ma a Magyarorsz&aacute;gra val&oacute; t&aacute;voz&aacute;s k&ouml;vetkezt&eacute;ben dr&aacute;maian cs&ouml;kkent, &eacute;s 1942 v&eacute;g&eacute;n m&aacute;r 23 ezer f&#337; alatt volt. A rom&aacute;niai unit&aacute;riusok egyh&aacute;zi &uuml;gyeit az 1940. szeptember 26-&aacute;n megalakult tordai sz&eacute;khely&#369; Egyh&aacute;zi K&eacute;pvisel&#337; Tan&aacute;cs int&eacute;zte G&aacute;l Mikl&oacute;s f&#337;gondnok vil&aacute;gi &eacute;s &Aacute;rkosi Tam&aacute;s egyh&aacute;zi eln&ouml;ks&eacute;ge alatt.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">Szellemi-kultur&aacute;lis &eacute;let, oktat&aacute;s</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A kultur&aacute;lis k&ouml;zpontj&aacute;t&oacute;l, Kolozsv&aacute;rt&oacute;l elszak&iacute;tott d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g szellemi &eacute;lete &ouml;sszezsugorodott, a cenz&uacute;ra, az utaz&aacute;s korl&aacute;toz&aacute;sa, a gy&uuml;lekez&eacute;si tilalom pedig teljesen leb&eacute;n&iacute;totta. Szinte minden t&aacute;rsadalmi-kultur&aacute;lis c&eacute;l&uacute; &ouml;sszej&ouml;vetel lehetetlenn&eacute; v&aacute;lt. Az egyes&uuml;letek j&oacute; r&eacute;sz&eacute;t (hasonl&oacute;an az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n egyes&uuml;letekhez) a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok feloszlatt&aacute;k, vagyonukat elkobozt&aacute;k, &eacute;p&uuml;leteiket lefoglalt&aacute;k. A magyar kaszin&oacute;k &eacute;s kult&uacute;rh&aacute;zak bez&aacute;rtak, a dal&aacute;rd&aacute;k m&#369;k&ouml;d&eacute;se sz&uuml;netelt, sz&iacute;nh&aacute;zi el&#337;ad&aacute;sok, kult&uacute;restek megtart&aacute;sa sz&oacute;ba sem j&ouml;hetett. A magyar nyelv&#369; &aacute;llami oktat&aacute;s szinte teljesen ellehetetlen&uuml;lt: az iskol&aacute;k magyar nyelv&#369; tagozatainak t&ouml;bbs&eacute;g&eacute;t vagy bez&aacute;rt&aacute;k, vagy rom&aacute;nul folyt ott is a tan&iacute;t&aacute;s. A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g szellemi&ndash;kultur&aacute;lis &eacute;let&eacute;t teh&aacute;t a lehet&#337; legkedvez&#337;tlenebb k&ouml;r&uuml;lm&eacute;nyek k&ouml;z&ouml;tt kellett alapjaiban &uacute;jj&aacute;szervezni.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">K&ouml;zm&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;si munk&aacute;ra mind&ouml;ssze h&aacute;rom nagyv&aacute;rosban, Temesv&aacute;ron, Aradon &eacute;s Brass&oacute;ban ny&iacute;lt n&eacute;mi csek&eacute;ly lehet&#337;s&eacute;g, f&#337;leg a k&ouml;nyvt&aacute;rak r&eacute;v&eacute;n. A magyar szellemi &eacute;let folytonoss&aacute;g&aacute;t els&#337;sorban az &iacute;rott sz&oacute;: a k&ouml;nyv, a napt&aacute;rak, a sajt&oacute; biztos&iacute;totta.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A rom&aacute;n korm&aacute;ny 1942. szeptember 19-&eacute;n &ndash; &iacute;r&aacute;sban ki nem k&eacute;zbes&iacute;tett, csup&aacute;n a rend&#337;r&ouml;k &aacute;ltal sz&oacute;ban k&ouml;z&ouml;lt rendelkez&eacute;ssel &ndash; betiltotta az &ouml;sszes magyar nyelv&#369; id&#337;szaki lapot. K&ouml;zt&uuml;k volt a Lugoson megjelen&#337;, Jakabffy Elem&eacute;r &aacute;ltal szerkesztett <em>Magyar Kisebbs&eacute;g</em> &eacute;s a m&aacute;r eml&iacute;tett <em>Erd&eacute;lyi Gazda </em>is. 1943 j&uacute;nius&aacute;ban indult &uacute;tj&aacute;ra az aradi <em>Havi Szemle</em> c&iacute;m&#369; lap, a Rom&aacute;niai Magyar N&eacute;pk&ouml;z&ouml;ss&eacute;g sz&eacute;pirodalmi &eacute;s k&ouml;zm&#369;vel&#337;d&eacute;si foly&oacute;irata. Munkat&aacute;rsai k&ouml;z&ouml;tt volt t&ouml;bbek k&ouml;z&ouml;tt Kacs&oacute; S&aacute;ndor, Olosz Lajos, Szeml&eacute;r Ferenc &eacute;s Horv&aacute;th Jen&#337;.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A kor&aacute;bbi &eacute;vekhez k&eacute;pest 1940&ndash;1944 k&ouml;z&ouml;tt a rom&aacute;niai magyar k&ouml;nyvkiad&aacute;s a minim&aacute;lisra cs&ouml;kkent. 1941-ben p&eacute;ld&aacute;ul kevesebb mint &ouml;tven kiadv&aacute;ny jelent meg, j&oacute; r&eacute;sz&uuml;k n&eacute;h&aacute;ny oldalas k&uuml;l&ouml;nlenyomat vagy egy&ndash;k&eacute;t &iacute;ves f&uuml;zet volt, ismeretterjeszt&#337; jelleggel. K&ouml;nyvkiad&oacute; hi&aacute;ny&aacute;ban az egyh&aacute;zak, a <em>Magyar Kisebbs&eacute;g</em> c&iacute;m&#369; foly&oacute;irat, a Hangya Sz&ouml;vets&eacute;g &eacute;s az EMGE adta ki ezeket.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st k&ouml;vet&#337; k&eacute;t &eacute;vben &ouml;n&aacute;ll&oacute; irodalmi munk&aacute;r&oacute;l alig besz&eacute;lhet&uuml;nk. A sz&eacute;tsz&oacute;rtan &eacute;l&#337; irodalmi &eacute;let &ouml;sszefog&aacute;s&aacute;nak egyetlen sz&aacute;mottev&#337; k&iacute;s&eacute;rlete a Vita Zsigmond szerkeszt&eacute;s&eacute;ben 1943-ban k&ouml;zreadott <em>Rom&aacute;niai magyar &iacute;r&oacute;k antol&oacute;gi&aacute;ja</em> c&iacute;m&#369; gy&#369;jtem&eacute;ny volt, Endre K&aacute;roly, Kacs&oacute; S&aacute;ndor, Kakassy Endre, M&eacute;liusz J&oacute;zsef, Olosz Lajos &eacute;s Szeml&eacute;r Ferenc &iacute;r&aacute;saival. Fellend&uuml;lt viszont a vall&aacute;sos irodalom: imak&ouml;nyvek, &eacute;nekesk&ouml;nyvek, bibliaolvas&oacute; kalauzok &eacute;s vall&aacute;sos elm&eacute;lked&eacute;sek jelentek meg. 1943 nyar&aacute;n az aradi K&ouml;lcsey Egyes&uuml;let vette k&eacute;zbe a sz&eacute;pirodalmi m&#369;vek kiad&aacute;s&aacute;t, &eacute;s &bdquo;Fecsk&eacute;s k&ouml;nyvek&rdquo; c&iacute;men sorozatot ind&iacute;tott sz&eacute;pirodalmi m&#369;vek kiad&aacute;s&aacute;ra. Fontos szerepet t&ouml;lt&ouml;ttek be a szellemi &eacute;let ter&eacute;n a k&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;z&#337; napt&aacute;rak. 1941-ben h&eacute;t, 1942-ben tizen&ouml;t magyar napt&aacute;r l&aacute;tott nyomdafest&eacute;ket D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben, t&ouml;bbnyire sz&iacute;nvonalas tartalommal &eacute;s viszonylag nagy p&eacute;ld&aacute;nysz&aacute;mban.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A magyar nyelv&#369; &aacute;llami oktat&aacute;s Rom&aacute;ni&aacute;ban szinte teljesen ellehetetlen&uuml;lt: az iskol&aacute;k magyar nyelv&#369; tagozatainak t&ouml;bbs&eacute;g&eacute;t vagy bez&aacute;rt&aacute;k, vagy rom&aacute;nul folyt ott is a tan&iacute;t&aacute;s. Magyarul els&#337;sorban a hitvall&aacute;sos iskol&aacute;kban tan&iacute;tottak, a magyar di&aacute;koknak azonban kevesebb, mint a fele j&aacute;rt oda. A felekezeti iskol&aacute;k t&ouml;bbs&eacute;ge neh&eacute;z k&ouml;r&uuml;lm&eacute;nyek k&ouml;zepette m&#369;k&ouml;d&ouml;tt. Egyh&aacute;zi ad&oacute;b&oacute;l tartott&aacute;k f&ouml;nn &#337;ket, melynek &ouml;sszege &aacute;lland&oacute;an cs&ouml;kkent. A hat&aacute;ron val&oacute; &aacute;tsz&ouml;k&eacute;sek k&ouml;vetkezt&eacute;ben nagy volt a tan&iacute;t&oacute;hi&aacute;ny, a k&eacute;pes&iacute;t&eacute;s n&eacute;lk&uuml;li taner&#337;k alkalmaz&aacute;sa miatt viszont &aacute;lland&oacute;an fenyegetett az iskola bez&aacute;r&aacute;s&aacute;nak vagy a nyilv&aacute;noss&aacute;gi jog megvon&aacute;s&aacute;nak a vesz&eacute;lye. A k&ouml;z&eacute;piskol&aacute;k &eacute;p&uuml;let&eacute;t nemegyszer k&oacute;rh&aacute;z c&eacute;lj&aacute;ra foglalt&aacute;k le a rom&aacute;n hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;"><strong>Kisebbs&eacute;gi jogv&eacute;delem</strong></span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">N&eacute;met&ndash;olasz tiszti bizotts&aacute;gok</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyar &eacute;s az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n kisebbs&eacute;gek jogv&eacute;delm&eacute;t az 1941 janu&aacute;rj&aacute;ban f&ouml;l&aacute;ll&iacute;tott brass&oacute;i, illetve kolozsv&aacute;ri sz&eacute;khely&#369; n&eacute;met&ndash;olasz tiszti bizotts&aacute;gok szolg&aacute;lt&aacute;k. Ezek hat&aacute;sk&ouml;r&eacute;t &eacute;s m&#369;k&ouml;d&eacute;si rendj&eacute;t egy janu&aacute;r 4-i, feltehet&#337;en mindk&eacute;t f&#337;v&aacute;rosban &aacute;tny&uacute;jtott n&eacute;met sz&oacute;beli jegyz&eacute;k tartalmazta. Eszerint a k&eacute;t bizotts&aacute;g c&eacute;lja a kiutas&iacute;t&aacute;sok &eacute;s az er&#337;szakos cselekedetek kivizsg&aacute;l&aacute;sa volt. Mindkett&#337; egy-egy n&eacute;met &eacute;s olasz tisztb&#337;l &aacute;llt, akik ter&uuml;leten k&iacute;v&uuml;lis&eacute;get &eacute;lveztek, &eacute;s b&aacute;rmikor, b&aacute;rhol &aacute;tl&eacute;phett&eacute;k a hat&aacute;rt. A bizotts&aacute;gok feladat&aacute;t alapvet&#337;en a t&uacute;lkap&aacute;sok kivizsg&aacute;l&aacute;sa, a t&eacute;nyek meg&aacute;llap&iacute;t&aacute;sa k&eacute;pezte, d&ouml;nt&eacute;si joguk nem volt. Ahol ember&eacute;letr&#337;l volt sz&oacute;, ott &ouml;ntev&eacute;kenyen, egy&eacute;bk&eacute;nt csak a n&eacute;met &eacute;s az olasz k&uuml;l&uuml;gyminiszt&eacute;riumok el&#337;zetes hozz&aacute;j&aacute;rul&aacute;s&aacute;val &uuml;gyk&ouml;dhettek. Jelent&eacute;seiket a n&eacute;met &eacute;s az olasz korm&aacute;nyoknak k&uuml;ldt&eacute;k meg: a kolozsv&aacute;ri bizotts&aacute;g a tengelyhatalmak budapesti, m&iacute;g a brass&oacute;i azok bukaresti k&ouml;vets&eacute;gein kereszt&uuml;l. &bdquo;S&uuml;rg&#337;s&rdquo; esetekben &bdquo;tan&aacute;csokat adhattak&rdquo; a helyi hat&oacute;s&aacute;goknak. A bizotts&aacute;gok hat&aacute;sk&ouml;re id&#337;vel kib&#337;v&uuml;lt: 1941 november&eacute;t&#337;l a hat&aacute;rs&eacute;rt&eacute;sek &uuml;gyei is a tiszti bizotts&aacute;gokhoz tartoztak, &eacute;s az ilyen k&eacute;rd&eacute;sekben korm&aacute;nyaik el&#337;zetes hozz&aacute;j&aacute;rul&aacute;sa n&eacute;lk&uuml;l, a s&uuml;rg&#337;s esetekre el&#337;&iacute;rt elj&aacute;r&aacute;s &eacute;rtelm&eacute;ben int&eacute;zkedhettek.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Ter&uuml;leti kompetenci&aacute;jukat tekintve nagyr&eacute;szt a brass&oacute;i bizotts&aacute;ghoz tartozott a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g panaszainak kivizsg&aacute;l&aacute;sa, m&iacute;g az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;ns&aacute;g t&ouml;bbs&eacute;g&eacute;nek panaszait a kolozsv&aacute;ri vizsg&aacute;lta. A brass&oacute;i bizotts&aacute;got illette ezenk&iacute;v&uuml;l a magyarorsz&aacute;gi h&aacute;rom &ndash; de rom&aacute;nok &aacute;ltal csak sz&oacute;rv&aacute;nyosan lakott &ndash; sz&eacute;kely v&aacute;rmegye is, 1942. december 1-j&eacute;t&#337;l pedig a szint&eacute;n magyarorsz&aacute;gi Maros-Torda v&aacute;rmegye. A kolozsv&aacute;ri bizotts&aacute;ghoz tartozott &ndash; az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi v&aacute;rmegy&eacute;k t&ouml;bbs&eacute;g&eacute;n k&iacute;v&uuml;l &ndash; a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi Bihar, Torda &eacute;s Arad is, igaz ez ut&oacute;bbit 1942. december 1-j&eacute;n &aacute;tvette a brass&oacute;i bizotts&aacute;g.&nbsp;</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A tiszti bizotts&aacute;gok alacsony hat&eacute;konys&aacute;ggal m&#369;k&ouml;dtek, ami azonban nem (kiz&aacute;r&oacute;lag) a bizotts&aacute;g tagjainak a felel&#337;ss&eacute;ge. A rom&aacute;n&ndash;magyar fesz&uuml;lts&eacute;g &bdquo;levezet&eacute;se&rdquo;, a k&eacute;t kisebbs&eacute;g helyzet&eacute;nek sz&aacute;mottev&#337; jav&iacute;t&aacute;sa ugyanis eleve irre&aacute;lis elv&aacute;r&aacute;s volt a k&eacute;t, sz&#369;k&ouml;s eszk&ouml;zt&aacute;rral rendelkez&#337; bizotts&aacute;ggal szemben.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">Az Altenburg&ndash;Roggeri&nbsp; n&eacute;met&minus;olasz vegyes bizotts&aacute;g tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;ge</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">1940. okt&oacute;ber k&ouml;zep&eacute;n a magyar &eacute;s a rom&aacute;n korm&aacute;ny k&eacute;r&eacute;s&eacute;re &nbsp;egy n&eacute;met&ndash;olasz vegyes bizotts&aacute;g alakult az &Eacute;szak- &eacute;s D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben elk&ouml;vetett atrocit&aacute;sok kivizsg&aacute;l&aacute;s&aacute;ra. Berlin G&uuml;nther Altenburg miniszteri oszt&aacute;lyf&#337;n&ouml;k&ouml;t, m&iacute;g R&oacute;ma Delfino Roggeri k&uuml;l&uuml;gyminiszt&eacute;riumi f&#337;tisztvisel&#337;t deleg&aacute;lta a bizotts&aacute;gba A bizotts&aacute;g feladat&aacute;t egyr&eacute;szt a mindk&eacute;t oldalon felmer&uuml;lt sz&aacute;mos panasz kivizsg&aacute;l&aacute;s&aacute;ban, m&aacute;sr&eacute;szt a n&eacute;zetelt&eacute;r&eacute;sek forr&aacute;s&aacute;nak felder&iacute;t&eacute;s&eacute;ben szabt&aacute;k meg. A bizotts&aacute;gnak nem katonai, hanem polg&aacute;ri jellege volt. Tagjai ter&uuml;letenk&iacute;v&uuml;lis&eacute;get &eacute;lveztek, jogukban &aacute;llt kik&eacute;rdezni a lakoss&aacute;got, betekinthettek a k&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;z&#337; dokumentumokba, besz&aacute;moltathatt&aacute;k a hivatalnokokat &eacute;s a katon&aacute;kat. A vizsg&aacute;latok eredm&eacute;ny&eacute;t a n&eacute;met &eacute;s az olasz korm&aacute;nyok rendelkez&eacute;s&eacute;re kellett bocs&aacute;taniuk, felhaszn&aacute;l&aacute;s&aacute;r&oacute;l azok d&ouml;nt&ouml;ttek. A magyar &eacute;s a rom&aacute;n hat&oacute;s&aacute;goknak hagyniuk kellett, hogy a bizotts&aacute;g szabadon szervezze meg a munk&aacute;j&aacute;t, tov&aacute;bb&aacute; be kellett fejezni az egym&aacute;s ellen ir&aacute;nyul&oacute; sajt&oacute;kamp&aacute;nyt &eacute;s a k&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;s kiutas&iacute;t&aacute;sokat.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az &uacute;n. Altenburg&ndash;Roggeri bizotts&aacute;g okt&oacute;ber 17&ndash;27. k&ouml;z&ouml;tt folytatta le &eacute;szak- &eacute;s d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi helysz&iacute;ni vizsg&aacute;latait, egy-egy magyar &eacute;s rom&aacute;n k&uuml;ld&ouml;tt k&iacute;s&eacute;ret&eacute;ben. Tizenegy nap alatt 3157 kilom&eacute;tert tett meg g&eacute;pkocsin, &eacute;s t&ouml;bb mint 600 tan&uacute;t hallgatott ki, sz&aacute;mos hivatalos iratot &aacute;tn&eacute;zett. Az &ouml;sszefoglal&oacute; jelent&eacute;s, amelyben a bizotts&aacute;g javaslatokat is tett, okt&oacute;ber 31-&eacute;re k&eacute;sz&uuml;lt el. A bizotts&aacute;g &aacute;ltal&aacute;nos benyom&aacute;sa az volt, hogy a magyar f&eacute;lnek nagyobb a felel&#337;ss&eacute;ge, mint a rom&aacute;nnak, els&#337;sorban a honv&eacute;ds&eacute;g &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi bevonul&aacute;sa sor&aacute;n elk&ouml;vetett t&ouml;meggyilkoss&aacute;gok (Ipp, &Ouml;rd&ouml;gk&uacute;t) miatt.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Berlinnek &eacute;s R&oacute;m&aacute;nak az erd&eacute;lyi k&eacute;rd&eacute;sben v&aacute;llalt k&ouml;zvet&iacute;t&#337; tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;ge v&eacute;g&uuml;l csup&aacute;n f&eacute;l sikerrel j&aacute;rt, hiszen a bizotts&aacute;g t&eacute;nyked&eacute;se, aj&aacute;nl&aacute;sai az elm&eacute;rgesedett kisebbs&eacute;gi k&eacute;rd&eacute;s &bdquo;fel&uuml;leti kezel&eacute;s&eacute;t&rdquo; tett&eacute;k lehet&#337;v&eacute;. A magyar&minus;rom&aacute;n konfliktus alapj&aacute;ban v&eacute;ve ugyanis a ter&uuml;leti k&eacute;rd&eacute;s megoldatlans&aacute;g&aacute;ra vezethet&#337; vissza, a kisebbs&eacute;gek &uuml;gye is ennek volt al&aacute;rendelve. A tengelyhatalmak k&ouml;zvet&iacute;t&eacute;se nem oldotta meg ezt az alapkonfliktust, amit a b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;ssel r&eacute;szben &#337;k maguk id&eacute;ztek el&#337;.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;"><span style="font-family: nerisblack; font-size: 26px; line-height: 32px; margin-bottom: 26px; margin-top: 8px;">A Hencke&minus;Roggeri k&uuml;l&ouml;nbizotts&aacute;g</span></span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">Az &uacute;n. Hencke&minus;Roggeri k&uuml;l&ouml;nbizotts&aacute;g megalak&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;nak k&ouml;zvetlen el&#337;zm&eacute;ny&eacute;t a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyarokat s&uacute;jt&oacute;, m&aacute;r eml&iacute;tett gabonarekvir&aacute;l&aacute;si akci&oacute; k&eacute;pezte, az 1942 m&aacute;jus&aacute;ban, Mihai Antonescu &aacute;ltal meghirdetett magyarellenes program r&eacute;szek&eacute;nt. A terv r&eacute;szleteir&#337;l a minisztereln&ouml;k-helyettes az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;ltek k&eacute;rd&eacute;s&eacute;vel foglalkoz&oacute; megbesz&eacute;l&eacute;sen, 1942. m&aacute;jus 13-&aacute;n sz&aacute;molt be n&eacute;h&aacute;ny magas rang&uacute; hivatalnok el&#337;tt. Kijelentette: figyelmeztetni fogja a magyar korm&aacute;nyt, ha legk&eacute;s&#337;bb k&eacute;t h&eacute;ten bel&uuml;l nem sz&uuml;nteti meg az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;nok &uuml;ld&ouml;z&eacute;s&eacute;t, akkor r&aacute;t&eacute;r a megtorl&aacute;sok politik&aacute;j&aacute;ra. <em>&bdquo;Az</em> <em>utols&oacute; szem kukoric&aacute;ig, b&uacute;z&aacute;ig vagy &eacute;lelemig mindent elrekvir&aacute;lunk, &eacute;s hagyni fogjuk, hogy a n&aacute;lunk l&eacute;v&#337; magyar falvak &eacute;hen haljanak</em>&rdquo; &minus; hangs&uacute;lyozta. Ahol ez a radik&aacute;lis megold&aacute;s nem alkalmazhat&oacute;, ott m&aacute;s m&oacute;dszerek alkalmaz&aacute;s&aacute;t helyezte kil&aacute;t&aacute;sba, &iacute;gy az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;n menek&uuml;ltek be&uuml;ltet&eacute;s&eacute;t a magyar gazdas&aacute;gokba &eacute;s a magyar tulajdonban l&eacute;v&#337; h&aacute;zak lefoglal&aacute;s&aacute;t. Ha pedig l&aacute;zad&aacute;s t&ouml;rne ki: &bdquo;G&eacute;ppuska, r&ouml;viden &eacute;s egyszer&#369;en&rdquo;&nbsp; &minus; jelentette ki.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A rom&aacute;n k&ouml;zell&aacute;t&aacute;si &aacute;llamtitk&aacute;r m&aacute;r eml&iacute;tett, 1942. j&uacute;nius 7-i bizalmas k&ouml;rrendelete alapj&aacute;n elkezd&#337;d&ouml;tt rekvir&aacute;l&aacute;si akci&oacute;t a polg&aacute;rmesterb&#337;l, jegyz&#337;b&#337;l, csend&#337;r&ouml;kb&#337;l &eacute;s a hadkieg&eacute;sz&iacute;t&#337; parancsnoks&aacute;gok k&eacute;pvisel&#337;ib&#337;l alakult helyi bizotts&aacute;gok sok esetben igen brut&aacute;lis m&oacute;don hajtott&aacute;k v&eacute;gre. H&aacute;zr&oacute;l-h&aacute;zra j&aacute;rva gyakran az &ouml;sszes &eacute;lelmiszer&uuml;kt&#337;l megfosztott&aacute;k a magyar lakoss&aacute;got, an&eacute;lk&uuml;l, hogy b&aacute;rmilyen elismerv&eacute;nyt adtak volna. Egyes helyeken a hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok megtiltott&aacute;k a p&eacute;keknek, hogy magyarok r&eacute;sz&eacute;re kenyeret s&uuml;ssenek, m&aacute;skor pedig k&ouml;z&ouml;ns&eacute;ges rabl&aacute;ss&aacute; fajult a rekvir&aacute;l&aacute;s, mivel nemcsak gabon&aacute;t &eacute;s &eacute;lelmiszereket, hanem egy&eacute;b ing&oacute;s&aacute;gokat is elvittek.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A kiszolg&aacute;ltatotts&aacute;g m&eacute;rt&eacute;ke val&oacute;s&aacute;ggal &bdquo;megdermesztette&rdquo; a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;got, Budapest pedig diplom&aacute;ciai akci&oacute;ba kezdett a rekvir&aacute;l&aacute;sok besz&uuml;ntet&eacute;se, az elkobzott gabona &eacute;s &eacute;lelmiszer visszaszolg&aacute;ltat&aacute;sa, valamint az okozott k&aacute;rok j&oacute;v&aacute;t&eacute;tele &eacute;rdek&eacute;ben.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A k&uuml;l&ouml;nbizotts&aacute;g 1942. j&uacute;lius 4-&eacute;n, B&eacute;csben alakult meg Andor Hencke &eacute;s Delfino Roggeri vezet&eacute;s&eacute;vel. Elvileg ugyan a kisebbs&eacute;gekkel kapcsolatos &ouml;sszes k&eacute;rd&eacute;sre kiterjedt a vizsg&aacute;lata, D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyben m&eacute;gis f&#337;leg a gabona- &eacute;s &eacute;lelmiszer-rekvir&aacute;l&aacute;sokat, &Eacute;szak-Erd&eacute;lyben pedig a rom&aacute;nok kiutas&iacute;t&aacute;s&aacute;nak, elmenek&uuml;l&eacute;s&eacute;nek okait vette szem&uuml;gyre.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A k&uuml;l&ouml;nmegb&iacute;zottak 1942 v&eacute;g&eacute;n &aacute;ll&iacute;tott&aacute;k &ouml;ssze jelent&eacute;s&uuml;ket. Ennek kiindul&oacute;pontja az a t&eacute;tel volt, miszerint sem a rom&aacute;n, sem a magyar korm&aacute;ny nem teljes&iacute;tette a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;s sor&aacute;n v&aacute;llalt k&ouml;telezetts&eacute;geit. A d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;gr&oacute;l az &ouml;sszefoglal&oacute; meg&aacute;llap&iacute;totta, hogy annak helyzete az elm&uacute;lt k&eacute;t &eacute;vben &aacute;lland&oacute;an romlott. Ezt egyebek mellett a rom&aacute;n revizionista propagand&aacute;val, a Bukarest &aacute;ltal k&ouml;vetett &bdquo;romaniz&aacute;l&aacute;si politik&aacute;val&rdquo; &eacute;s a magyarokkal szembeni megk&uuml;l&ouml;nb&ouml;ztet&#337; int&eacute;zked&eacute;sekkel magyar&aacute;zta. Az 1942 nyar&aacute;n elrendelt gabona- &eacute;s &eacute;lelmiszer-rekvir&aacute;l&aacute;sokat is diszkriminat&iacute;v jelleg&#369;nek min&#337;s&iacute;tette, amelyeket r&aacute;ad&aacute;sul brut&aacute;lis m&oacute;don hajtottak v&eacute;gre, jelent&#337;s gazdas&aacute;gi &eacute;s erk&ouml;lcsi k&aacute;rt okozva a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyar lakoss&aacute;gnak. Az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;nokr&oacute;l sz&oacute;lva az &ouml;sszefoglal&oacute; kiemelte, hogy &minus; f&#337;leg a katonai k&ouml;zigazgat&aacute;s ideje alatt &minus; egy sor int&eacute;zked&eacute;ssel h&aacute;tr&aacute;nyos helyzetbe hozt&aacute;k &#337;ket a magyarokkal szemben, &eacute;s l&eacute;nyeges javul&aacute;s a polg&aacute;ri k&ouml;zigazgat&aacute;s bevezet&eacute;se ut&aacute;n sem k&ouml;vetkezett be.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">A Hencke&minus;Roggeri bizotts&aacute;g tev&eacute;kenys&eacute;ge nagyban hozz&aacute;j&aacute;rult ahhoz, hogy v&eacute;g&uuml;l meghi&uacute;sult Mihai Antonescu 1942 m&aacute;jus&aacute;ban meghirdetett terve a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g m&oacute;dszeres ki&eacute;heztet&eacute;s&eacute;r&#337;l.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">*</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">&Ouml;sszegz&eacute;sk&eacute;nt elmondhat&oacute;, hogy a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g t&uacute;lnyom&oacute; t&ouml;bbs&eacute;ge &minus; az euforikusan &uuml;nnepl&#337; &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi magyarokkal sz&ouml;ges ellent&eacute;tben &minus; a trianoni katasztr&oacute;f&aacute;hoz hasonl&oacute; sorscsap&aacute;sk&eacute;nt &eacute;lte meg a m&aacute;sodik b&eacute;csi d&ouml;nt&eacute;st: csal&oacute;dotts&aacute;g, elkeseredetts&eacute;g, rem&eacute;nyvesztetts&eacute;g &eacute;s az otthontalans&aacute;g f&aacute;j&oacute; &eacute;rz&eacute;se vett er&#337;t rajta. Az Antonescu-rezsim kirekeszt&eacute;sen &eacute;s etnikai homogeniz&aacute;l&aacute;son alapul&oacute; nemzetis&eacute;gpolitik&aacute;j&aacute;nak fontos r&eacute;sz&eacute;t k&eacute;pezte az a c&eacute;lkit&#369;z&eacute;s, hogy D&eacute;l-Erd&eacute;lyt &bdquo;megtiszt&iacute;tsa&rdquo; a magyarokt&oacute;l. Ennek megval&oacute;s&iacute;t&aacute;sa &eacute;rdek&eacute;ben a rom&aacute;n hat&oacute;s&aacute;gok igen v&aacute;ltozatos eszk&ouml;zt&aacute;rat vetettek be, amely a k&eacute;nyszeropci&oacute;t&oacute;l kezdve az anyanyelv haszn&aacute;lat&aacute;nak betilt&aacute;s&aacute;n &aacute;t eg&eacute;szen a magyar iparosok, keresked&#337;k, &uuml;gyv&eacute;dek, orvosok m&oacute;dszeres anyagi t&ouml;nkret&eacute;tel&eacute;ig terjedt. Helyzet&eacute;nek elm&eacute;rgesed&eacute;s&eacute;ben szerepet j&aacute;tszott &minus; Teleki P&aacute;l minisztereln&ouml;k minden j&oacute;sz&aacute;nd&eacute;ka ellen&eacute;re &minus; az &eacute;szak-erd&eacute;lyi rom&aacute;ns&aacute;ggal szemben alkalmazott elhib&aacute;zott magyar politika is. 1940 &#337;sz&eacute;n beindult a k&ouml;zel n&eacute;gy &eacute;vig tart&oacute; &uacute;n. k&ouml;lcs&ouml;n&ouml;ss&eacute;gi nemzetis&eacute;gi politika mechanizmusa, amely &uacute;jabb &eacute;s &uacute;jabb s&eacute;relmet okozott mindk&eacute;t kisebbs&eacute;gnek.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;"><span style="color:#48484a;display:block;font-family:nerislight;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;margin-bottom:19px;text-align:left;">N&eacute;gy &eacute;v kisebbs&eacute;gi m&eacute;rleg&eacute;t megvonva elmondhat&oacute;, hogy a d&eacute;l-erd&eacute;lyi magyars&aacute;g gazdas&aacute;gi, t&aacute;rsadalmi, kultur&aacute;lis &eacute;s demogr&aacute;fiai t&eacute;ren egyar&aacute;nt s&uacute;lyos vesztes&eacute;geket szenvedett. Egyed&uuml;li &bdquo;pozit&iacute;vumk&eacute;nt&ldquo; azt emelhetj&uuml;k ki, hogy nagy &aacute;ldozatok &aacute;r&aacute;n, de t&uacute;l&eacute;lte e v&eacute;szterhes korszakot.</span></p><p style="font-family:nerislight;color:#48484a;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-align:left;margin-bottom:19px;display:block;">&nbsp;</p></p>\n"
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    #newRevision: false
    #isDefaultRevision: "1"
    #entityKeys: array:4 [
      "bundle" => "article"
      "id" => "25059"
      "revision" => "25282"
      "uuid" => "1eec97da-f423-4936-8311-681727aaf928"
    ]
    #translatableEntityKeys: array:8 [
      "label" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "A dél-erdélyi magyar kisebbség 1940−1944 között"
      ]
      "langcode" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "hu"
      ]
      "status" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "1"
      ]
      "published" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "1"
      ]
      "uid" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "22271"
      ]
      "owner" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "22271"
      ]
      "default_langcode" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "1"
      ]
      "revision_translation_affected" => array:1 [
        "x-default" => "1"
      ]
    ]
    #validated: false
    #validationRequired: false
    #loadedRevisionId: "25282"
    #revisionTranslationAffectedKey: "revision_translation_affected"
    #enforceRevisionTranslationAffected: []
    #isSyncing: false
    +in_preview: null
  }
  "#view_mode" => "full"
  "#cache" => array:5 [
    "tags" => array:2 [
      0 => "node_view"
      1 => "node:25059"
    ]
    "contexts" => []
    "max-age" => -1
    "keys" => array:4 [
      0 => "entity_view"
      1 => "node"
      2 => "25059"
      3 => "full"
    ]
    "bin" => "render"
  ]
  "#theme" => "node"
  "#weight" => 0
  "#pre_render" => array:1 [
    0 => array:2 [
      0 => Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder {#1305
        #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26
          #loadedFiles: array:126 [
            "acl" => true
            "action" => true
            "admin_toolbar" => true
            "admin_toolbar_links_access_filter" => true
            "admin_toolbar_search" => true
            "admin_toolbar_tools" => true
            "adsystem" => true
            "adsystem_adslist" => true
            "antibot" => true
            "automated_cron" => true
            "better_exposed_filters" => true
            "big_pipe" => true
            "block" => true
            "block_content" => true
            "block_custom_visibility" => true
            "blockgroup" => true
            "breakpoint" => true
            "ckeditor5" => true
            "ckeditor_html_embed" => true
            "colorbox" => true
            "comment" => true
            "config" => true
            "contact" => true
            "contact_block" => true
            "content_access" => true
            "contextual" => true
            "cookieyes_scripts" => true
            "creator_default" => true
            "csv_serialization" => true
            "custom_admin_css" => true
            "custom_mails" => true
            "custom_tags_block" => true
            "date_filter" => true
            "datetime" => true
            "datetime_range" => true
            "dblog" => true
            "devel" => true
            "dynamic_page_cache" => true
            "editor" => true
            "editor_advanced_link" => true
            "email_registration" => true
            "fb_post_schedule" => true
            "feeds" => true
            "feeds_tamper" => true
            "feedsfiles" => true
            "field" => true
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            "field_group" => true
            "field_permissions" => true
            "field_ui" => true
            "file" => true
            "filefield_paths" => true
            "filter" => true
            "google_analytics" => true
            "honeypot" => true
            "image" => true
            "imagecrop_ckeditor" => true
            "imce" => true
            "language" => true
            "link" => true
            "locale" => true
            "login_redirect" => true
            "mailsystem" => true
            "manage_display" => true
            "masonry" => true
            "media" => true
            "media_library" => true
            "membercheck" => true
            "menu_link_content" => true
            "menu_ui" => true
            "metatag" => true
            "metatag_open_graph" => true
            "metatag_routes" => true
            "metatag_views" => true
            "mysql" => true
            "nameday_display" => true
            "news_stand" => true
            "node" => true
            "openweather" => true
            "options" => true
            "page_cache" => true
            "path" => true
            "path_alias" => true
            "phpass" => true
            "redirect" => true
            "redirect_404" => true
            "rest" => true
            "scheduler" => true
            "search_api" => true
            "search_api_db" => true
            "search_api_db_defaults" => true
            "search_api_solr" => true
            "search_api_solr_admin" => true
            "serialization" => true
            "shortcut" => true
            "similarterms" => true
            "simple_cron" => true
            "simple_sitemap" => true
            "simple_sitemap_views" => true
            "simple_weather" => true
            "simplesocial" => true
            "smtp" => true
            "social_media" => true
            "statistics" => true
            "system" => true
            "tamper" => true
            "taxonomy" => true
            "taxonomy_menu" => true
            "term_merge" => true
            "term_reference_change" => true
            "text" => true
            "token" => true
            "toolbar" => true
            "user" => true
            "user_edit_title" => true
            "video_embed_field" => true
            "video_embed_html5" => true
            "views_data_export" => true
            "views_slideshow" => true
            "views_slideshow_cycle" => true
            "views_ui" => true
            "wp_rss_feed" => true
            "pathauto" => true
            "masonry_views" => true
            "views" => true
            "standard" => true
          ]
          #moduleList: array:126 [
            "acl" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#41
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/acl/acl.info.yml"
              #filename: "acl.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "action" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#23
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/action/action.info.yml"
              #filename: "action.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "admin_toolbar" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#36
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar.info.yml"
              #filename: "admin_toolbar.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "admin_toolbar_links_access_filter" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#46
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar_links_access_filter/admin_toolbar_links_access_filter.info.yml"
              #filename: "admin_toolbar_links_access_filter.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "admin_toolbar_search" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#45
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar_search/admin_toolbar_search.info.yml"
              #filename: "admin_toolbar_search.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "admin_toolbar_tools" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#44
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar_tools/admin_toolbar_tools.info.yml"
              #filename: "admin_toolbar_tools.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "adsystem" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#43
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/adsystem/adsystem.info.yml"
              #filename: "adsystem.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "adsystem_adslist" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#52
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/adsystem_adslist/adsystem_adslist.info.yml"
              #filename: "adsystem_adslist.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "antibot" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#50
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/antibot/antibot.info.yml"
              #filename: "antibot.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "automated_cron" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#70
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/automated_cron/automated_cron.info.yml"
              #filename: "automated_cron.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "better_exposed_filters" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#68
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/better_exposed_filters/better_exposed_filters.info.yml"
              #filename: "better_exposed_filters.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "big_pipe" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#63
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/big_pipe/big_pipe.info.yml"
              #filename: "big_pipe.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "block" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#80
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/block/block.info.yml"
              #filename: "block.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "block_content" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#89
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/block_content/block_content.info.yml"
              #filename: "block_content.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "block_custom_visibility" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#90
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/block_custom_visibility/block_custom_visibility.info.yml"
              #filename: "block_custom_visibility.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "blockgroup" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#91
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/blockgroup/blockgroup.info.yml"
              #filename: "blockgroup.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "breakpoint" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#92
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/breakpoint/breakpoint.info.yml"
              #filename: "breakpoint.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "ckeditor5" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#93
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/ckeditor5/ckeditor5.info.yml"
              #filename: "ckeditor5.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "ckeditor_html_embed" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#94
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/ckeditor_html_embed/ckeditor_html_embed.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "colorbox" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#95
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/colorbox/colorbox.info.yml"
              #filename: "colorbox.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "comment" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#96
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/comment/comment.info.yml"
              #filename: "comment.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "config" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#97
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/config/config.info.yml"
              #filename: "config.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "contact" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#98
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/contact/contact.info.yml"
              #filename: "contact.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "contact_block" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#99
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/contact_block/contact_block.info.yml"
              #filename: "contact_block.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "content_access" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#100
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/content_access/content_access.info.yml"
              #filename: "content_access.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "contextual" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#101
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/contextual/contextual.info.yml"
              #filename: "contextual.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "cookieyes_scripts" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#102
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/cookie_consent_notice_by_cookieyes/cookieyes_scripts.info.yml"
              #filename: "cookieyes_scripts.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "creator_default" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#103
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/creator_default/creator_default.info.yml"
              #filename: "creator_default.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "csv_serialization" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#104
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/csv_serialization/csv_serialization.info.yml"
              #filename: "csv_serialization.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "custom_admin_css" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#105
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/custom_admin_css/custom_admin_css.info.yml"
              #filename: "custom_admin_css.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "custom_mails" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#106
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/custom_mails/custom_mails.info.yml"
              #filename: "custom_mails.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "custom_tags_block" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#107
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/custom_tags_block/custom_tags_block.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "date_filter" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#108
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/date_filter/date_filter.info.yml"
              #filename: "date_filter.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "datetime" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#109
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/datetime/datetime.info.yml"
              #filename: "datetime.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "datetime_range" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#110
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/datetime_range/datetime_range.info.yml"
              #filename: "datetime_range.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "dblog" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#111
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/dblog/dblog.info.yml"
              #filename: "dblog.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "devel" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#112
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/devel/devel.info.yml"
              #filename: "devel.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "dynamic_page_cache" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#113
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/dynamic_page_cache/dynamic_page_cache.info.yml"
              #filename: "dynamic_page_cache.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "editor" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#114
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/editor/editor.info.yml"
              #filename: "editor.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "editor_advanced_link" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#115
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/editor_advanced_link/editor_advanced_link.info.yml"
              #filename: "editor_advanced_link.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "email_registration" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#116
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/email_registration/email_registration.info.yml"
              #filename: "email_registration.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "fb_post_schedule" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#117
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/fb_post_schedule/fb_post_schedule.info.yml"
              #filename: "fb_post_schedule.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "feeds" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#118
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/feeds/feeds.info.yml"
              #filename: "feeds.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "feeds_tamper" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#119
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/feeds_tamper/feeds_tamper.info.yml"
              #filename: "feeds_tamper.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "feedsfiles" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#120
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/feedsfiles/feedsfiles.info.yml"
              #filename: "feedsfiles.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "field" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#121
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/field/field.info.yml"
              #filename: "field.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "field_defaults" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#122
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/field_defaults/field_defaults.info.yml"
              #filename: "field_defaults.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "field_group" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#123
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/field_group/field_group.info.yml"
              #filename: "field_group.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "field_permissions" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#124
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/field_permissions/field_permissions.info.yml"
              #filename: "field_permissions.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "field_ui" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#125
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/field_ui/field_ui.info.yml"
              #filename: "field_ui.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "file" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#126
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/file/file.info.yml"
              #filename: "file.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "filefield_paths" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#127
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/filefield_paths/filefield_paths.info.yml"
              #filename: "filefield_paths.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "filter" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#128
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/filter/filter.info.yml"
              #filename: "filter.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "google_analytics" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#129
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/google_analytics/google_analytics.info.yml"
              #filename: "google_analytics.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "honeypot" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#130
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/honeypot/honeypot.info.yml"
              #filename: "honeypot.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "image" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#131
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/image/image.info.yml"
              #filename: "image.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "imagecrop_ckeditor" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#132
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/imagecrop_ckeditor/imagecrop_ckeditor.info.yml"
              #filename: "imagecrop_ckeditor.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "imce" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#133
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/imce/imce.info.yml"
              #filename: "imce.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "language" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#134
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/language/language.info.yml"
              #filename: "language.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "link" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#135
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/link/link.info.yml"
              #filename: "link.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "locale" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#136
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/locale/locale.info.yml"
              #filename: "locale.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "login_redirect" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#137
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/login_redirect/login_redirect.info.yml"
              #filename: "login_redirect.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "mailsystem" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#138
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/mailsystem/mailsystem.info.yml"
              #filename: "mailsystem.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "manage_display" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#139
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/manage_display/manage_display.info.yml"
              #filename: "manage_display.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "masonry" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#140
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/masonry/masonry.info.yml"
              #filename: "masonry.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "media" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#141
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/media/media.info.yml"
              #filename: "media.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "media_library" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#142
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/media_library/media_library.info.yml"
              #filename: "media_library.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "membercheck" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#143
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/membercheck/membercheck.info.yml"
              #filename: "membercheck.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "menu_link_content" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#144
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/menu_link_content/menu_link_content.info.yml"
              #filename: "menu_link_content.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "menu_ui" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#145
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/menu_ui/menu_ui.info.yml"
              #filename: "menu_ui.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "metatag" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#146
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/metatag/metatag.info.yml"
              #filename: "metatag.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "metatag_open_graph" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#147
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/metatag/metatag_open_graph/metatag_open_graph.info.yml"
              #filename: "metatag_open_graph.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "metatag_routes" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#148
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/metatag/metatag_routes/metatag_routes.info.yml"
              #filename: "metatag_routes.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "metatag_views" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#149
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/metatag/metatag_views/metatag_views.info.yml"
              #filename: "metatag_views.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "mysql" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#150
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/mysql/mysql.info.yml"
              #filename: "mysql.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "nameday_display" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#151
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/nameday_display/nameday_display.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "news_stand" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#152
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/news_stand/news_stand.info.yml"
              #filename: "news_stand.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "node" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#153
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/node/node.info.yml"
              #filename: "node.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "openweather" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#154
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/openweather/openweather.info.yml"
              #filename: "openweather.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "options" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#155
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/options/options.info.yml"
              #filename: "options.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "page_cache" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#156
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/page_cache/page_cache.info.yml"
              #filename: "page_cache.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "path" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#157
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/path/path.info.yml"
              #filename: "path.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "path_alias" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#158
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/path_alias/path_alias.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "phpass" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#159
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/phpass/phpass.info.yml"
              #filename: "phpass.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "redirect" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#160
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/redirect/redirect.info.yml"
              #filename: "redirect.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "redirect_404" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#161
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/redirect/modules/redirect_404/redirect_404.info.yml"
              #filename: "redirect_404.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "rest" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#162
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/rest/rest.info.yml"
              #filename: "rest.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "scheduler" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#163
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/scheduler/scheduler.info.yml"
              #filename: "scheduler.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "search_api" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#164
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/search_api/search_api.info.yml"
              #filename: "search_api.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "search_api_db" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#165
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/search_api/modules/search_api_db/search_api_db.info.yml"
              #filename: "search_api_db.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "search_api_db_defaults" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#166
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/search_api/modules/search_api_db/search_api_db_defaults/search_api_db_defaults.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "search_api_solr" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#167
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/search_api_solr/search_api_solr.info.yml"
              #filename: "search_api_solr.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "search_api_solr_admin" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#168
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/search_api_solr/modules/search_api_solr_admin/search_api_solr_admin.info.yml"
              #filename: "search_api_solr_admin.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "serialization" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#169
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/serialization/serialization.info.yml"
              #filename: "serialization.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "shortcut" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#170
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/shortcut/shortcut.info.yml"
              #filename: "shortcut.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "similarterms" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#171
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/similarterms/similarterms.info.yml"
              #filename: "similarterms.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "simple_cron" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#172
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/simple_cron/simple_cron.info.yml"
              #filename: "simple_cron.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "simple_sitemap" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#173
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/simple_sitemap/simple_sitemap.info.yml"
              #filename: "simple_sitemap.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "simple_sitemap_views" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#174
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/simple_sitemap/modules/simple_sitemap_views/simple_sitemap_views.info.yml"
              #filename: "simple_sitemap_views.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "simple_weather" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#175
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/simple_weather/simple_weather.info.yml"
              #filename: "simple_weather.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "simplesocial" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#176
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/simplesocial/simplesocial.info.yml"
              #filename: "simplesocial.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "smtp" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#177
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/smtp/smtp.info.yml"
              #filename: "smtp.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "social_media" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#178
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/social_media/social_media.info.yml"
              #filename: "social_media.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "statistics" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#179
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/statistics/statistics.info.yml"
              #filename: "statistics.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "system" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#180
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/system/system.info.yml"
              #filename: "system.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "tamper" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#181
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/tamper/tamper.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "taxonomy" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#182
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/taxonomy/taxonomy.info.yml"
              #filename: "taxonomy.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "taxonomy_menu" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#183
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/taxonomy_menu/taxonomy_menu.info.yml"
              #filename: "taxonomy_menu.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "term_merge" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#184
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/term_merge/term_merge.info.yml"
              #filename: "term_merge.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "term_reference_change" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#185
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/term_reference_change/term_reference_change.info.yml"
              #filename: null
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "text" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#186
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/text/text.info.yml"
              #filename: "text.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "token" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#187
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/token/token.info.yml"
              #filename: "token.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "toolbar" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#188
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/toolbar/toolbar.info.yml"
              #filename: "toolbar.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "user" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#189
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/user/user.info.yml"
              #filename: "user.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "user_edit_title" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#190
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/user_edit_title/user_edit_title.info.yml"
              #filename: "user_edit_title.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "video_embed_field" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#191
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/video_embed_field/video_embed_field.info.yml"
              #filename: "video_embed_field.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "video_embed_html5" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#192
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/video_embed_html5/video_embed_html5.info.yml"
              #filename: "video_embed_html5.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "views_data_export" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#193
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/views_data_export/views_data_export.info.yml"
              #filename: "views_data_export.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "views_slideshow" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#194
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/views_slideshow/views_slideshow.info.yml"
              #filename: "views_slideshow.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "views_slideshow_cycle" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#195
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/views_slideshow/modules/views_slideshow_cycle/views_slideshow_cycle.info.yml"
              #filename: "views_slideshow_cycle.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "views_ui" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#196
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/views_ui/views_ui.info.yml"
              #filename: "views_ui.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "wp_rss_feed" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#197
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/custom/wp_rss_feed/wp_rss_feed.info.yml"
              #filename: "wp_rss_feed.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "pathauto" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#198
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/pathauto/pathauto.info.yml"
              #filename: "pathauto.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "masonry_views" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#199
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "modules/contrib/masonry_views/masonry_views.info.yml"
              #filename: "masonry_views.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "views" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#200
              #type: "module"
              #pathname: "core/modules/views/views.info.yml"
              #filename: "views.module"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
            "standard" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#201
              #type: "profile"
              #pathname: "core/profiles/standard/standard.info.yml"
              #filename: "standard.profile"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: ? array
            }
          ]
          #loaded: true
          #implementations: array:406 [
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            ]
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              "simple_weather" => false
              "statistics" => false
              "system" => false
              "wp_rss_feed" => false
            ]
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            ]
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              "datetime" => "views"
              "datetime_range" => "views"
              "file" => "views"
              "image" => "views"
              "options" => "views"
            ]
            "field_views_data_alter" => array:1 [
              "taxonomy" => "views"
            ]
            "views_data_alter" => array:8 [
              "comment" => "views"
              "contact" => "views"
              "contextual" => "views"
              "scheduler" => false
              "search_api_solr" => false
              "similarterms" => "views"
              "taxonomy" => "views"
              "views" => "views"
            ]
            "views_plugins_row_alter" => array:1 [
              "search_api" => "views"
            ]
            "entity_query_block_content_type_alter" => []
            "entity_query_comment_type_alter" => []
            "entity_query_contact_form_alter" => []
            "entity_query_feeds_feed_type_alter" => []
            "entity_query_media_type_alter" => []
            "entity_query_node_type_alter" => []
            "entity_query_taxonomy_vocabulary_alter" => []
            "user_role_load" => []
            "menu_load" => []
            "entity_query_menu_link_content_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_menu_link_content_alter" => []
            "query_menu_link_content_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "menu_link_content_storage_load" => []
            "menu_link_content_load" => []
            "query_taxonomy_term_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "taxonomy_term_storage_load" => []
            "taxonomy_term_load" => []
            "query_node_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "node_storage_load" => []
            "node_load" => []
            "taxonomy_menu_load" => []
            "query_taxonomy_term_access_alter" => []
            "query_term_access_alter" => []
            "taxonomy_menu_link_alter" => []
            "menu_links_discovered_alter" => array:4 [
              "dblog" => false
              "devel" => false
              "editor" => false
              "user_edit_title" => false
            ]
            "language_types_info" => []
            "language_types_info_alter" => array:1 [
              "language" => false
            ]
            "node_view_mode_alter" => []
            "entity_view_mode_alter" => []
            "node_build_defaults_alter" => []
            "entity_build_defaults_alter" => []
            "entity_query_entity_view_display_alter" => []
            "entity_view_display_load" => []
            "entity_view_display_alter" => array:1 [
              "node" => false
            ]
            "entity_prepare_view" => []
            "entity_field_access" => array:2 [
              "field_permissions" => false
              "language" => false
            ]
            "entity_field_access_alter" => []
            "query_file_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "file_storage_load" => []
            "file_load" => []
            "file_url_alter" => []
            "image_style_load" => []
            "image_effect_info_alter" => []
            "entity_display_build_alter" => []
            "node_view" => array:1 [
              "statistics" => false
            ]
            "entity_view" => array:3 [
              "comment" => false
              "scheduler" => false
              "search_api" => false
            ]
            "node_view_alter" => array:1 [
              "comment" => false
            ]
            "entity_view_alter" => array:3 [
              "field_group" => false
              "manage_display" => false
              "metatag" => false
            ]
            "metatag_defaults_load" => []
            "metatags_alter" => array:2 [
              "metatag_routes" => false
              "metatag_views" => false
            ]
            "metatag_tags_alter" => []
            "metatag_groups_alter" => []
            "tokens" => array:14 [
              "comment" => "tokens"
              "file" => false
              "filefield_paths" => "tokens"
              "google_analytics" => "tokens"
              "metatag" => "tokens"
              "node" => "tokens"
              "scheduler" => "tokens"
              "statistics" => "tokens"
              "system" => "tokens"
              "taxonomy" => "tokens"
              "token" => "tokens"
              "user" => "tokens"
              "pathauto" => "tokens"
              "views" => "tokens"
            ]
            "token_entity_mapping_alter" => []
            "token_info" => array:14 [
              "comment" => "tokens"
              "file" => false
              "filefield_paths" => "tokens"
              "google_analytics" => "tokens"
              "metatag" => "tokens"
              "node" => "tokens"
              "scheduler" => "tokens"
              "statistics" => "tokens"
              "system" => "tokens"
              "taxonomy" => "tokens"
              "token" => "tokens"
              "user" => "tokens"
              "pathauto" => "tokens"
              "views" => "tokens"
            ]
            "date_format_load" => []
            "token_info_alter" => array:2 [
              "metatag" => "tokens"
              "token" => "tokens"
            ]
            "tokens_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_entity_page_title" => []
            "theme_suggestions_alter" => array:3 [
              "better_exposed_filters" => false
              "field_group" => false
              "simplesocial" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_entity_page_title_alter" => []
            "template_preprocess_default_variables_alter" => array:1 [
              "user" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_node" => array:1 [
              "node" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_node_alter" => array:1 [
              "views" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_field" => array:1 [
              "system" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_field_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_turnjs_flipbook" => []
            "theme_suggestions_turnjs_flipbook_alter" => []
            "node_links_alter" => array:2 [
              "comment" => false
              "statistics" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_links" => []
            "theme_suggestions_links_alter" => []
            "entity_access" => array:1 [
              "media" => false
            ]
            "block_access" => array:1 [
              "block_custom_visibility" => false
            ]
            "entity_query_block_content_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_block_content_alter" => []
            "block_content_load" => []
            "block_content_access" => []
            "block_build_alter" => []
            "block_build_simple_weather_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_nameday_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_views_exposed_filter_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_system_menu_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_block_content_alter" => []
            "block_build_system_branding_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_simplesocial_social_links_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_tags_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_adsystem_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_system_messages_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_local_actions_block_alter" => array:1 [
              "block" => false
            ]
            "block_build_block_group_alter" => []
            "block_view_alter" => array:1 [
              "token" => false
            ]
            "block_view_block_group_alter" => []
            "block_build_local_tasks_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_page_title_block_alter" => []
            "block_view_page_title_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_system_main_block_alter" => []
            "block_view_system_main_block_alter" => array:1 [
              "system" => false
            ]
            "block_build_views_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_wp_rss_feed_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_system_powered_by_block_alter" => []
            "block_build_node_syndicate_block_alter" => []
            "page_attachments" => array:8 [
              "adsystem" => false
              "antibot" => false
              "big_pipe" => false
              "contextual" => false
              "google_analytics" => false
              "imagecrop_ckeditor" => false
              "metatag" => false
              "system" => false
            ]
            "metatags_attachments_alter" => []
            "page_attachments_alter" => array:4 [
              "cookieyes_scripts" => false
              "devel" => false
              "simple_sitemap" => false
              "metatag" => false
            ]
            "page_top" => array:4 [
              "block" => false
              "node" => false
              "system" => false
              "toolbar" => false
            ]
            "page_bottom" => []
            "theme_suggestions_html" => array:1 [
              "system" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_html_alter" => []
            "breakpoints_alter" => []
            "toolbar" => array:6 [
              "admin_toolbar_tools" => false
              "contextual" => false
              "devel" => false
              "shortcut" => false
              "toolbar" => false
              "user" => false
            ]
            "shortcut_default_set" => []
            "entity_create_access" => []
            "node_type_create_access" => []
            "media_type_create_access" => []
            "block_content_type_create_access" => []
            "comment_type_access" => []
            "contact_form_access" => []
            "menu_create_access" => []
            "menu_access" => []
            "taxonomy_vocabulary_access" => []
            "taxonomy_vocabulary_create_access" => []
            "view_create_access" => []
            "view_access" => []
            "feeds_feed_type_create_access" => []
            "feeds_feed_type_access" => []
            "block_content_type_access" => []
            "media_type_access" => []
            "user_create_access" => []
            "user_role_access" => []
            "theme_suggestions_menu" => []
            "theme_suggestions_menu_alter" => []
            "link_alter" => []
            "user_format_name_alter" => []
            "toolbar_alter" => array:2 [
              "admin_toolbar" => false
              "admin_toolbar_search" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_toolbar" => []
            "theme_suggestions_toolbar_alter" => []
            "media_create_access" => []
            "block_content_create_access" => []
            "field_permission_type_plugin_alter" => []
            "entity_query_filter_format_alter" => []
            "filter_format_load" => []
            "menu_link_content_create_access" => []
            "node_type_access" => []
            "configurable_language_create_access" => []
            "redirect_create_access" => []
            "theme_suggestions_container" => []
            "theme_suggestions_container_alter" => array:1 [
              "views" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_input" => []
            "theme_suggestions_input_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_form_element" => []
            "theme_suggestions_form_element_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_form_element_label" => []
            "theme_suggestions_form_element_label_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_page" => array:1 [
              "system" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_page_alter" => []
            "block_view_simplesocial_social_links_block_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_block" => array:1 [
              "block" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_block_alter" => array:1 [
              "block_content" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_simplesocial_social_links" => []
            "theme_suggestions_simplesocial_social_links_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_region" => array:1 [
              "system" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_region_alter" => []
            "block_view_simple_weather_block_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_simple_weather_output" => []
            "theme_suggestions_simple_weather_output_alter" => []
            "block_view_nameday_block_alter" => []
            "entity_query_node_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_node_alter" => []
            "node_grants" => array:2 [
              "acl" => false
              "content_access" => false
            ]
            "block_view_views_exposed_filter_block_alter" => []
            "better_exposed_filters_options_alter" => []
            "form_alter" => array:14 [
              "adsystem" => false
              "antibot" => false
              "content_access" => false
              "creator_default" => false
              "custom_admin_css" => false
              "field_ui" => false
              "honeypot" => false
              "language" => false
              "media_library" => false
              "membercheck" => false
              "scheduler" => false
              "simple_sitemap" => false
              "system" => false
              "field_group" => false
            ]
            "form_views_exposed_form_alter" => array:2 [
              "search_api" => false
              "views" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_views_exposed_form" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_exposed_form_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_form" => []
            "theme_suggestions_form_alter" => []
            "block_view_system_menu_block_alter" => array:1 [
              "menu_ui" => false
            ]
            "block_view_block_content_alter" => []
            "block_content_view_mode_alter" => []
            "block_content_build_defaults_alter" => []
            "block_content_view" => []
            "block_content_view_alter" => []
            "block_view_system_branding_block_alter" => []
            "block_view_tags_block_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_item_list" => []
            "theme_suggestions_item_list_alter" => []
            "block_view_adsystem_block_alter" => []
            "block_view_system_messages_block_alter" => []
            "block_view_local_actions_block_alter" => []
            "block_view_views_block_alter" => []
            "views_pre_view" => []
            "views_pre_build" => []
            "views_query_alter" => array:1 [
              "views_data_export" => false
            ]
            "views_query_substitutions" => array:4 [
              "media" => false
              "node" => "views_execution"
              "user" => "views_execution"
              "views" => "views_execution"
            ]
            "views_post_build" => []
            "views_pre_execute" => []
            "query_views_alter" => array:1 [
              "views" => false
            ]
            "query_views_frontpage_alter" => []
            "query_node_access_alter" => array:1 [
              "node" => false
            ]
            "views_post_execute" => []
            "views_pre_render" => array:4 [
              "antibot" => false
              "dblog" => false
              "media_library" => false
              "views" => "views_execution"
            ]
            "views_post_render" => array:2 [
              "media_library" => false
              "metatag_views" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_views_view" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_alter" => []
            "block_view_local_tasks_block_alter" => []
            "node_access" => array:1 [
              "node" => false
            ]
            "menu_local_tasks_alter" => array:1 [
              "contact" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_menu_local_tasks" => []
            "theme_suggestions_menu_local_tasks_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_menu_local_task" => []
            "theme_suggestions_menu_local_task_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_page_title" => []
            "theme_suggestions_page_title_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_field" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_field_alter" => []
            "entity_view_display_create" => []
            "entity_create" => []
            "field_info_max_weight" => array:1 [
              "field_group" => false
            ]
            "taxonomy_term_access" => []
            "theme_suggestions_time" => []
            "theme_suggestions_time_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_unformatted" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_unformatted_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_fields" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_fields_alter" => []
            "block_view_wp_rss_feed_block_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_off_canvas_page_wrapper" => []
            "theme_suggestions_off_canvas_page_wrapper_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_big_pipe_interface_preview" => array:1 [
              "big_pipe" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_big_pipe_interface_preview_alter" => []
            "library_info_build" => []
            "library_info_alter" => array:5 [
              "better_exposed_filters" => false
              "ckeditor5" => false
              "locale" => false
              "masonry" => false
              "system" => false
            ]
            "css_alter" => []
            "js_alter" => array:2 [
              "ckeditor5" => false
              "locale" => false
            ]
            "js_settings_build" => array:1 [
              "system" => false
            ]
            "js_settings_alter" => array:2 [
              "system" => false
              "user" => false
            ]
            "entity_query_shortcut_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_shortcut_alter" => []
            "query_shortcut_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "shortcut_storage_load" => []
            "shortcut_load" => []
            "ajax_render_alter" => []
            "query_term_node_count_alter" => []
            "entity_query_taxonomy_term_alter" => []
            "entity_query_tag__vocabulary_term_count_alter" => []
            "entity_query_tag__taxonomy_term__vocabulary_term_count_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_taxonomy_term_alter" => []
            "query_vocabulary_term_count_alter" => []
            "query_vocabulary_node_count_alter" => []
            "pathauto_punctuation_chars_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_table" => []
            "theme_suggestions_table_alter" => []
            "node_grants_alter" => []
            "entity_query_path_alias_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_path_alias_alter" => []
            "taxonomy_term_view_mode_alter" => []
            "taxonomy_term_build_defaults_alter" => []
            "query_feeds_feed_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "feeds_feed_storage_load" => []
            "feeds_feed_load" => []
            "theme_suggestions_image_formatter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_image_formatter_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_image" => []
            "theme_suggestions_image_alter" => []
            "user_access" => []
            "query_path_alias_load_multiple_alter" => []
            "path_alias_storage_load" => []
            "path_alias_load" => []
            "theme_suggestions_image_style" => []
            "theme_suggestions_image_style_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_masonry" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_masonry_alter" => []
            "masonry_script_alter" => []
            "image_toolkit_operation_alter" => []
            "user_view_mode_alter" => []
            "user_build_defaults_alter" => []
            "field_group_content_element_keys_alter" => []
            "field_group_pre_render" => array:1 [
              "field_group" => false
            ]
            "field_group_formatter_info_alter" => []
            "field_group_pre_render_alter" => []
            "field_group_build_pre_render_alter" => array:1 [
              "field_group" => false
            ]
            "user_view" => array:1 [
              "user" => false
            ]
            "user_view_alter" => array:1 [
              "user" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_user" => []
            "theme_suggestions_user_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_field_group_html_element" => []
            "theme_suggestions_field_group_html_element_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_simplesocial_share_buttons" => []
            "theme_suggestions_simplesocial_share_buttons_alter" => []
            "query_views_taxonomy_term_alter" => []
            "taxonomy_term_view" => []
            "taxonomy_term_view_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_taxonomy_term" => array:1 [
              "taxonomy" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_taxonomy_term_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_pager" => []
            "theme_suggestions_pager_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_filter_caption" => []
            "theme_suggestions_filter_caption_alter" => []
            "entity_query_file_alter" => []
            "query_entity_query_file_alter" => []
            "metatag_route_entity" => array:1 [
              "metatag_views" => false
            ]
            "theme_suggestions_status_messages" => []
            "theme_suggestions_status_messages_alter" => []
            "views_plugins_relationship_alter" => []
            "query_user_access_alter" => []
            "views_slideshow_type_info_alter" => []
            "views_slideshow_widget_type_info_alter" => []
            "views_slideshow_widget_info_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_slideshow" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_view_slideshow_alter" => []
            "views_slideshow_skin_info_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_main_section" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_main_section_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_cycle_main_frame" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_cycle_main_frame_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_cycle_main_frame_row" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_cycle_main_frame_row_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_cycle_main_frame_row_item" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_cycle_main_frame_row_item_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_pager_widget" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_pager_widget_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_pager_bullets" => []
            "theme_suggestions_views_slideshow_pager_bullets_alter" => []
            "query_views_partnerek_alter" => []
            "query_views_extra_alter" => []
            "node_create_access" => []
            "colorbox_settings_alter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_colorbox_formatter" => []
            "theme_suggestions_colorbox_formatter_alter" => []
            "query_views_felhasznalo_page_alter" => []
            "query_views_taxonomiakifejezes_aprohirdetes__alter" => []
            "query_views_aprohirdetes_kategoriak_alter" => []
            "query_menu_link_content_access_alter" => []
            "menu_link_content_access" => []
            "entity_operation" => array:10 [
              "block_content" => false
              "content_access" => false
              "devel" => false
              "feeds_tamper" => false
              "field_ui" => false
              "menu_ui" => false
              "search_api_solr" => false
              "taxonomy" => false
              "user" => false
              "views_ui" => false
            ]
            "entity_operation_alter" => array:1 [
              "simple_cron" => false
            ]
          ]
          #verified: array:9 [
            "language_types_info" => true
            "language_types_info_alter" => true
            "entity_preload" => true
            "entity_load" => true
            "node_load" => true
            "node_view_mode_alter" => true
            "entity_view_mode_alter" => true
            "node_build_defaults_alter" => true
            "entity_build_defaults_alter" => true
          ]
          #hookInfo: null
          #cacheBackend: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#38
            #maxRows: 5000
            #bin: "cache_bootstrap"
            #connection: Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Connection {#15
              #target: "default"
              #key: "default"
              #logger: null
              #transactionLayers: []
              #driverClasses: []
              #statementWrapperClass: "Drupal\Core\Database\StatementWrapperIterator"
              #transactionalDDLSupport: false
              #connection: PDO {#14 …2}
              #connectionOptions: array:11 [ …11]
              #schema: null
              #prefix: ""
              #tablePlaceholderReplacements: array:2 [ …2]
              #prefixes: []
              #prefixSearch: []
              #prefixReplace: []
              #unprefixedTablesMap: []
              #escapedTables: array:14 [ …14]
              #escapedFields: array:16 [ …16]
              #escapedAliases: array:7 [ …7]
              #rootTransactionEndCallbacks: []
              #identifierQuotes: array:2 [ …2]
              -enabledEvents: []
              #transactionManager: ? Drupal\Core\Database\Transaction\TransactionManagerInterface|false
              #needsCleanup: false
              -serverVersion: null
            }
            #checksumProvider: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseCacheTagsChecksum {#75
              #connection: Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Connection {#15}
              #invalidatedTags: []
              #delayedTags: []
              #tagCache: array:7 [ …7]
            }
            #serializer: Drupal\Component\Serialization\PhpSerialize {#58}
            #time: Drupal\Component\Datetime\Time {#71
              #requestStack: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RequestStack {#21
                -requests: array:2 [
                  0 => Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request {#4 …27}
                  1 => Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request {#4 …27}
                ]
              }
              #proxyRequestTime: ? float
            }
          }
          #cacheNeedsWriting: false
          #alterFunctions: array:3 [
            "language_types_info" => array:1 [
              0 => "language_language_types_info_alter"
            ]
            "node_view_mode,entity_view_mode" => []
            "node_build_defaults,entity_build_defaults" => []
          ]
          #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
          #includeFileKeys: []
        }
        #stringTranslation: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslationManager {#318
          #translators: array:2 [
            30 => array:1 [
              0 => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\Translator\CustomStrings {#321 …4}
            ]
            0 => array:1 [
              0 => Drupal\locale\LocaleTranslation {#327 …10}
            ]
          ]
          #sortedTranslators: null
          #defaultLangcode: "hu"
        }
        #_serviceIds: []
        #_entityStorages: []
        #entityTypeId: "node"
        #entityType: Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#613
          #id: "node"
          #class: "Drupal\node\Entity\Node"
          #provider: "node"
          #static_cache: true
          #render_cache: true
          #persistent_cache: true
          #entity_keys: array:12 [
            "id" => "nid"
            "revision" => "vid"
            "bundle" => "type"
            "label" => "title"
            "langcode" => "langcode"
            "uuid" => "uuid"
            "status" => "status"
            "published" => "status"
            "uid" => "uid"
            "owner" => "uid"
            "default_langcode" => "default_langcode"
            "revision_translation_affected" => "revision_translation_affected"
          ]
          #originalClass: "Drupal\node\Entity\Node"
          #handlers: array:9 [
            "storage" => "Drupal\node\NodeStorage"
            "storage_schema" => "Drupal\node\NodeStorageSchema"
            "view_builder" => "Drupal\node\NodeViewBuilder"
            "access" => "Drupal\node\NodeAccessControlHandler"
            "views_data" => "Drupal\node\NodeViewsData"
            "form" => array:4 [
              "default" => "Drupal\node\NodeForm"
              "delete" => "Drupal\node\Form\NodeDeleteForm"
              "edit" => "Drupal\node\NodeForm"
              "delete-multiple-confirm" => "Drupal\node\Form\DeleteMultiple"
            ]
            "route_provider" => array:1 [
              "html" => "Drupal\node\Entity\NodeRouteProvider"
            ]
            "list_builder" => "Drupal\node\NodeListBuilder"
            "translation" => "Drupal\node\NodeTranslationHandler"
          ]
          #admin_permission: null
          #collection_permission: "access content overview"
          #permission_granularity: "bundle"
          #links: array:13 [
            "canonical" => "/node/{node}"
            "delete-form" => "/node/{node}/delete"
            "delete-multiple-form" => "/admin/content/node/delete"
            "edit-form" => "/node/{node}/edit"
            "version-history" => "/node/{node}/revisions"
            "revision" => "/node/{node}/revisions/{node_revision}/view"
            "create" => "/node"
            "devel-load" => "/devel/node/{node}"
            "devel-load-with-references" => "/devel/load-with-references/node/{node}"
            "devel-path-alias" => "/devel/path-alias/node/{node}"
            "devel-render" => "/devel/render/node/{node}"
            "devel-definition" => "/devel/definition/node/{node}"
            "token-devel" => "/devel/token/node/{node}"
          ]
          #bundle_entity_type: "node_type"
          #bundle_of: null
          #bundle_label: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#614
            #string: "Content type"
            #arguments: []
            #translatedMarkup: null
            #options: []
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #base_table: "node"
          #revision_data_table: "node_field_revision"
          #revision_table: "node_revision"
          #data_table: "node_field_data"
          #internal: false
          #translatable: true
          #show_revision_ui: true
          #label: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#615
            #string: "Content"
            #arguments: []
            #translatedMarkup: null
            #options: []
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #label_collection: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#616
            #string: "Content"
            #arguments: []
            #translatedMarkup: null
            #options: []
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #label_singular: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#617
            #string: "content item"
            #arguments: []
            #translatedMarkup: null
            #options: []
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #label_plural: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#618
            #string: "content items"
            #arguments: []
            #translatedMarkup: null
            #options: []
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #label_count: array:3 [
            "singular" => "@count content item"
            "plural" => "@count content items"
            "context" => null
          ]
          #uri_callback: null
          #group: "content"
          #group_label: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#619
            #string: "Content"
            #arguments: []
            #translatedMarkup: null
            #options: array:1 [
              "context" => "Entity type group"
            ]
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #field_ui_base_route: "entity.node_type.edit_form"
          #common_reference_target: true
          #list_cache_contexts: array:1 [
            0 => "user.node_grants:view"
          ]
          #list_cache_tags: array:1 [
            0 => "node_list"
          ]
          #constraints: array:3 [
            "EntityChanged" => null
            "EntityUntranslatableFields" => null
            "MenuSettings" => []
          ]
          #additional: array:3 [
            "enable_base_field_custom_preprocess_skipping" => true
            "enable_page_title_template" => true
            "token_type" => "node"
          ]
          #_serviceIds: []
          #_entityStorages: []
          #stringTranslation: null
          #revision_metadata_keys: array:4 [
            "revision_user" => "revision_uid"
            "revision_created" => "revision_timestamp"
            "revision_log_message" => "revision_log"
            "revision_default" => "revision_default"
          ]
        }
        #entityRepository: Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityRepository {#382
          #entityTypeManager: Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeManager {#316
            #discovery: Drupal\Core\Plugin\Discovery\AnnotatedClassDiscovery {#314
              #pluginNamespaces: []
              #pluginDefinitionAnnotationName: "Drupal\Core\Entity\Annotation\EntityType"
              #annotationReader: null
              #annotationNamespaces: []
              #fileCache: Drupal\Component\FileCache\FileCache {#317 …3}
              #directorySuffix: "/Entity"
              #namespaceSuffix: "\Entity"
              #rootNamespacesIterator: ArrayObject {#286
                storage: array:143 [ …143]
                flag::STD_PROP_LIST: false
                flag::ARRAY_AS_PROPS: false
                iteratorClass: "ArrayIterator"
              }
            }
            #factory: null
            #mapper: null
            #cacheKey: "entity_type"
            #cacheTags: array:1 [
              0 => "entity_types"
            ]
            #alterHook: "entity_type"
            #subdir: "Entity"
            #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
            #moduleExtensionList: ? ?Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleExtensionList
            #defaults: []
            #pluginDefinitionAnnotationName: "Drupal\Component\Annotation\Plugin"
            #pluginDefinitionAttributeName: null
            #pluginInterface: "Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface"
            #namespaces: ArrayObject {#286}
            #additionalAnnotationNamespaces: []
            #definitions: array:57 [
              "block" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#456 …44}
              "block_content" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#450 …41}
              "block_content_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#326 …44}
              "block_group_content" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#465 …44}
              "comment_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#462 …44}
              "comment" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#477 …41}
              "contact_message" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#494 …41}
              "contact_form" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#501 …44}
              "editor" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#507 …44}
              "feeds_feed" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#513 …41}
              "feeds_subscription" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#517 …41}
              "feeds_feed_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#520 …44}
              "field_config" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#523 …44}
              "field_storage_config" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#529 …44}
              "file" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#535 …41}
              "filter_format" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#541 …44}
              "image_style" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#547 …44}
              "imce_profile" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#553 …44}
              "configurable_language" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#556 …44}
              "language_content_settings" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#562 …44}
              "media_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#568 …44}
              "media" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#574 …41}
              "member_order" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#580 …41}
              "menu_link_content" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#598 …41}
              "metatag_defaults" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#604 …44}
              "node_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#607 …44}
              "node" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#613}
              "path_alias" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#620 …41}
              "redirect" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#626 …41}
              "rest_resource_config" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#630 …44}
              "search_api_task" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#636 …41}
              "search_api_index" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#642 …44}
              "search_api_server" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#648 …44}
              "solr_request_dispatcher" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#654 …44}
              "solr_request_handler" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#657 …44}
              "solr_field_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#660 …44}
              "solr_cache" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#663 …44}
              "shortcut" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#666 …41}
              "shortcut_set" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#673 …44}
              "simple_cron_job" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#679 …44}
              "simple_sitemap_type" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#685 …44}
              "simple_sitemap" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#691 …44}
              "menu" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#697 …44}
              "action" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#703 …44}
              "taxonomy_term" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#709 …41}
              "taxonomy_vocabulary" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#716 …44}
              "taxonomy_menu" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#722 …44}
              "user_role" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#725 …44}
              "user" => Drupal\Core\Entity\ContentEntityType {#731 …41}
              "pathauto_pattern" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#737 …44}
              "view" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#740 …44}
              "date_format" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#746 …44}
              "base_field_override" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#749 …44}
              "entity_view_mode" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#752 …44}
              "entity_form_display" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#755 …44}
              "entity_view_display" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#758 …44}
              "entity_form_mode" => Drupal\Core\Config\Entity\ConfigEntityType {#761 …44}
            ]
            #cacheBackend: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#277
              #maxRows: 5000
              #bin: "cache_discovery"
              #connection: Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Connection {#15}
              #checksumProvider: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseCacheTagsChecksum {#75}
              #serializer: Drupal\Component\Serialization\PhpSerialize {#58}
              #time: Drupal\Component\Datetime\Time {#71}
            }
            #useCaches: true
            #handlers: array:2 [
              "storage" => array:3 [ …3]
              "view_builder" => array:1 [ …1]
            ]
            #stringTranslation: Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslationManager {#318}
            #classResolver: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\ClassResolver {#69
              #container: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\Container {#24 …7}
              #_serviceIds: []
              #_entityStorages: []
            }
            #entityLastInstalledSchemaRepository: Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityLastInstalledSchemaRepository {#315
              #keyValueFactory: Drupal\Core\KeyValueStore\KeyValueFactory {#236 …3}
              #cacheBackend: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#277}
              #entityTypeDefinitions: array:57 [ …57]
            }
            #container: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\Container {#24 …7}
          }
          #languageManager: Drupal\language\ConfigurableLanguageManager {#289
            #languages: array:1 [
              "hu" => array:2 [
                1 => array:1 [ …1]
                3 => array:3 [ …3]
              ]
            ]
            #defaultLanguage: Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageDefault {#280
              #language: Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#283
                #name: "Hungarian"
                #id: "hu"
                #direction: "ltr"
                #weight: 0
                #locked: false
              }
            }
            #definedLanguageTypesInfo: array:3 [
              "language_interface" => array:3 [
                "name" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#275 …5}
                "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#258 …5}
                "locked" => true
              ]
              "language_content" => array:3 [
                "name" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#262 …5}
                "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#240 …5}
                "locked" => true
              ]
              "language_url" => array:1 [
                "locked" => true
              ]
            ]
            #_serviceIds: []
            #_entityStorages: []
            #configFactory: Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigFactory {#274
              #storage: Drupal\Core\Config\CachedStorage {#271
                #storage: Drupal\Core\Config\DatabaseStorage {#270 …6}
                #cache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#272 …6}
                #findByPrefixCache: array:1 [ …1]
                #_serviceIds: []
                #_entityStorages: []
              }
              #eventDispatcher: Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher {#64 …3}
              #cache: array:9 [
                "system.date:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#293 …16}
                "devel.settings:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#297 …16}
                "redirect.settings:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#342 …16}
                "language.entity.hu:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#1234 …16}
                "language.entity.und:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#1233 …16}
                "language.entity.zxx:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#1232 …16}
                "system.site:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#1246 …16}
                "system.theme:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#1357 …16}
                "core.extension:global_overrides:hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\ImmutableConfig {#1355 …16}
              ]
              #typedConfigManager: Drupal\Core\Config\TypedConfigManager {#276
                #discovery: null
                #factory: null
                #mapper: null
                #cacheKey: "typed_config_definitions"
                #cacheTags: []
                #alterHook: "config_schema_info"
                #subdir: null
                #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
                #moduleExtensionList: ? ?Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleExtensionList
                #defaults: []
                #pluginDefinitionAnnotationName: null
                #pluginDefinitionAttributeName: null
                #pluginInterface: null
                #namespaces: null
                #additionalAnnotationNamespaces: []
                #definitions: null
                #cacheBackend: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#277}
                #useCaches: true
                #validator: null
                #constraintManager: Drupal\Core\Validation\ConstraintManager {#284 …18}
                #prototypes: []
                #classResolver: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\ClassResolver {#69}
                #_serviceIds: []
                #_entityStorages: []
                #configStorage: Drupal\Core\Config\CachedStorage {#271}
                #schemaStorage: Drupal\Core\Config\ExtensionInstallStorage {#278 …7}
              }
              #configFactoryOverrides: array:1 [
                0 => Drupal\language\Config\LanguageConfigFactoryOverride {#266
                  #baseStorage: Drupal\Core\Config\CachedStorage {#271}
                  #storages: array:1 [
                    "hu" => Drupal\Core\Config\CachedStorage {#295 …5}
                  ]
                  #typedConfigManager: Drupal\Core\Config\TypedConfigManager {#276}
                  #eventDispatcher: Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher {#64 …3}
                  #language: Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#283}
                }
              ]
            }
            #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
            #configFactoryOverride: Drupal\language\Config\LanguageConfigFactoryOverride {#266}
            #requestStack: Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RequestStack {#21}
            #negotiator: null
            #languageTypes: null
            #languageTypesInfo: array:3 [
              "language_interface" => array:3 [
                "name" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#275 …5}
                "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#258 …5}
                "locked" => true
              ]
              "language_content" => array:4 [
                "name" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#262 …5}
                "description" => Drupal\Core\StringTranslation\TranslatableMarkup {#240 …5}
                "locked" => true
                "fixed" => array:1 [ …1]
              ]
              "language_url" => array:2 [
                "locked" => true
                "fixed" => array:2 [ …2]
              ]
            ]
            #negotiatedLanguages: array:2 [
              "language_interface" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#283}
              "language_url" => Drupal\Core\Language\Language {#283}
            ]
            #negotiatedMethods: null
            #initialized: false
            #initializing: []
          }
          #contextRepository: Drupal\Core\Plugin\Context\LazyContextRepository {#384
            #contextProviderServiceIDs: array:4 [
              0 => "language.current_language_context"
              1 => "node.node_route_context"
              2 => "taxonomy_term.taxonomy_term_route_context"
              3 => "user.current_user_context"
            ]
            #container: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\Container {#24 …7}
            #contexts: []
          }
        }
        #entityDisplayRepository: Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityDisplayRepository {#772
          #displayModeInfo: array:1 [
            "view_mode" => array:13 [
              "block" => array:1 [ …1]
              "block_content" => array:2 [ …2]
              "comment" => array:2 [ …2]
              "contact_message" => array:1 [ …1]
              "feeds_feed" => array:1 [ …1]
              "file" => array:1 [ …1]
              "media" => array:2 [ …2]
              "menu_link_content" => array:1 [ …1]
              "node" => array:6 [ …6]
              "path_alias" => array:1 [ …1]
              "shortcut" => array:1 [ …1]
              "taxonomy_term" => array:3 [ …3]
              "user" => array:4 [ …4]
            ]
          ]
          #languageManager: Drupal\language\ConfigurableLanguageManager {#289}
          #entityTypeManager: Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeManager {#316}
          #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
          #cacheBackend: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#277}
          #useCaches: true
          #stringTranslation: null
        }
        #cacheBin: "render"
        #languageManager: Drupal\language\ConfigurableLanguageManager {#289}
        #themeRegistry: Drupal\Core\Theme\Registry {#335
          #theme: Drupal\Core\Theme\ActiveTheme {#1327
            #name: "szabadsag"
            #logo: "themes/custom/szabadsag/logo.svg"
            #path: "themes/custom/szabadsag"
            #engine: "twig"
            #owner: "core/themes/engines/twig/twig.engine"
            #baseThemeExtensions: array:2 [
              "thex" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1321 …20}
              "stable9" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1329 …17}
            ]
            #extension: Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1335
              #type: "theme"
              #pathname: "themes/custom/szabadsag/szabadsag.info.yml"
              #filename: "szabadsag.theme"
              #splFileInfo: null
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              +info: array:22 [ …22]
              +"subpath": "themes/custom/szabadsag"
              +"origin": ""
              +"owner": "core/themes/engines/twig/twig.engine"
              +"prefix": "twig"
              +"status": 1
              +"required_by": []
              +"requires": array:2 [ …2]
              +"sort": -3
              +"base_themes": array:2 [ …2]
              +"module_dependencies": []
              +"libraries": array:1 [ …1]
              +"engine": "twig"
              +"base_theme": "thex"
            }
            #libraries: array:2 [
              0 => "thex/global-styling"
              1 => "szabadsag/global-styling"
            ]
            #regions: array:30 [
              "header_top_left" => "Header Top Left"
              "header_top_right" => "Header Top Right"
              "header" => "Header"
              "primary_menu" => "Primary menu"
              "float" => "Page float"
              "search_box" => "Search Box"
              "page_header" => "Page Header"
              "highlighted" => "Highlighted"
              "widead" => "Wide Ad"
              "content" => "Content"
              "content_top" => "Content Top"
              "content_bottom" => "Content Bottom"
              "content_home_top" => "Homepage Content Top"
              "content_home_bottom" => "Homepage Content Bottom"
              "sidebar_first" => "Sidebar Left"
              "sidebar_second" => "Sidebar Right"
              "footer_top" => "Footer Top"
              "footer_one" => "Footer First Column"
              "footer_two" => "Footer Second Column"
              "footer_three" => "Footer Third Column"
              "footer_four" => "Footer Fourth Column"
              "footer_bottom_left" => "Footer Bottom Left"
              "footer_bottom_right" => "Footer Bottom Right"
              "footer_bottom_last" => "Footer Bottom Last"
              "hidden" => "Hidden Blocks"
              "digistand_ad" => "Block group: Digistand+Ad"
              "news_front" => "Block group: News front"
              "premium_extra_kiemelt" => "Block group: Premium-Extra-Kiemelt"
              "premium_partnerek" => "Block group: Premium+Partnerek"
              "vezer_block" => "Block group: Vezér block"
            ]
            #librariesOverride: array:2 [
              "core/themes/stable9" => array:58 [ …58]
              "themes/custom/szabadsag" => array:1 [ …1]
            ]
            #librariesExtend: array:1 [
              "tour/tour" => array:1 [ …1]
            ]
          }
          #lock: Drupal\Core\ProxyClass\Lock\DatabaseLockBackend {#233
            #drupalProxyOriginalServiceId: "drupal.proxy_original_service.lock"
            #service: null
            #container: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\Container {#24 …7}
            #_serviceIds: []
            #_entityStorages: []
          }
          #registry: []
          #cache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#299
            #maxRows: 5000
            #bin: "cache_default"
            #connection: Drupal\mysql\Driver\Database\mysql\Connection {#15}
            #checksumProvider: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseCacheTagsChecksum {#75}
            #serializer: Drupal\Component\Serialization\PhpSerialize {#58}
            #time: Drupal\Component\Datetime\Time {#71}
          }
          #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
          #runtimeRegistry: array:1 [
            "szabadsag" => Drupal\Core\Utility\ThemeRegistry {#1349
              #cid: "theme_registry:runtime:szabadsag"
              #tags: []
              #cache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#38}
              #lock: Drupal\Core\ProxyClass\Lock\DatabaseLockBackend {#233}
              #keysToPersist: []
              #keysToRemove: []
              #storage: array:218 [ …218]
              #cacheCreated: null
              #cacheInvalidated: false
              #cacheLoaded: true
              #persistable: true
              #completeRegistry: null
            }
          ]
          #initialized: false
          #themeName: null
          #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
          #themeHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ThemeHandler {#325
            #list: array:4 [
              "claro" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1350 …17}
              "stable9" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1339 …17}
              "thex" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1344 …20}
              "szabadsag" => Drupal\Core\Extension\Extension {#1340 …19}
            ]
            #configFactory: Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigFactory {#274}
            #themeList: Drupal\Core\Extension\ThemeExtensionList {#333
              #type: "theme"
              #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
              #cache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#299}
              #defaults: array:11 [ …11]
              #infoParser: Drupal\Core\Extension\InfoParser {#331
                #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
                #fileCache: Drupal\Component\FileCache\FileCache {#332 …3}
              }
              #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
              #extensions: array:7 [ …7]
              #extensionInfo: null
              #pathNames: null
              #addedPathNames: []
              #state: Drupal\Core\State\State {#234 …11}
              #installProfile: "standard"
              #configFactory: Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigFactory {#274}
              #engineList: Drupal\Core\Extension\ThemeEngineExtensionList {#338 …12}
              #installedThemes: null
            }
            #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
          }
          #themeInitialization: Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeInitialization {#341
            #themeHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ThemeHandler {#325}
            #cache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#38}
            #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
            #extensions: null
            #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
          }
          #themeManager: Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager {#340
            #themeNegotiator: Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeNegotiator {#348
              #negotiators: array:7 [ …7]
              #themeAccess: Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeAccessCheck {#352 …1}
              #classResolver: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\ClassResolver {#69}
            }
            #themeRegistry: Drupal\Core\Theme\Registry {#335}
            #activeTheme: Drupal\Core\Theme\ActiveTheme {#1327}
            #themeInitialization: Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeInitialization {#341}
            #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
            #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
          }
          #runtimeCache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#38}
          #moduleList: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleExtensionList {#346
            #type: "module"
            #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
            #cache: Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend {#299}
            #defaults: array:5 [
              "dependencies" => []
              "description" => ""
              "package" => "Other"
              "version" => null
              "php" => "8.1.0"
            ]
            #infoParser: Drupal\Core\Extension\InfoParser {#331}
            #moduleHandler: Drupal\Core\Extension\ModuleHandler {#26}
            #extensions: null
            #extensionInfo: null
            #pathNames: null
            #addedPathNames: array:126 [
              "acl" => "modules/contrib/acl/acl.info.yml"
              "action" => "core/modules/action/action.info.yml"
              "admin_toolbar" => "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar.info.yml"
              "admin_toolbar_links_access_filter" => "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar_links_access_filter/admin_toolbar_links_access_filter.info.yml"
              "admin_toolbar_search" => "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar_search/admin_toolbar_search.info.yml"
              "admin_toolbar_tools" => "modules/contrib/admin_toolbar/admin_toolbar_tools/admin_toolbar_tools.info.yml"
              "adsystem" => "modules/custom/adsystem/adsystem.info.yml"
              "adsystem_adslist" => "modules/custom/adsystem_adslist/adsystem_adslist.info.yml"
              "antibot" => "modules/contrib/antibot/antibot.info.yml"
              "automated_cron" => "core/modules/automated_cron/automated_cron.info.yml"
              "better_exposed_filters" => "modules/contrib/better_exposed_filters/better_exposed_filters.info.yml"
              "big_pipe" => "core/modules/big_pipe/big_pipe.info.yml"
              "block" => "core/modules/block/block.info.yml"
              "block_content" => "core/modules/block_content/block_content.info.yml"
              "block_custom_visibility" => "modules/custom/block_custom_visibility/block_custom_visibility.info.yml"
               …111
            ]
            #state: Drupal\Core\State\State {#234 …11}
            #installProfile: "standard"
            #configFactory: Drupal\Core\Config\ConfigFactory {#274}
            #profileList: Drupal\Core\Extension\ProfileExtensionList {#351 …12}
            #stringTranslation: null
          }
          #kernel: Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel {#2
            #phpArrayDumperClass: "\Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\Dumper\OptimizedPhpArrayDumper"
            #defaultBootstrapContainerDefinition: array:2 [ …2]
            #bootstrapContainerClass: "\Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\PhpArrayContainer"
            #bootstrapContainer: Drupal\Component\DependencyInjection\PhpArrayContainer {#13}
            #container: Drupal\Core\DependencyInjection\Container {#24 …7}
            #environment: "prod"
            #booted: true
            #prepared: true
            #moduleList: null
            #moduleData: []
            #classLoader: Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader {#1 …11}
            #configStorage: null
            #allowDumping: true
            #containerNeedsRebuild: false
            #containerNeedsDumping: false
            #serviceYamls: null
            #serviceProviderClasses: null
            #serviceProviders: null
            #sitePath: "sites/default"
            #root: "/opt/drupal/web"
            #serviceIdMapping: []
          }
        }
        #singleFieldDisplays: null
      }
      1 => "build"
    ]
  ]
]